goa wildwatch

A source of the famed Dudhsagar Waterfalls, Kuveshi, Karnataka

2012-02-10T04:37:00.000-08:00

Riverine vegetation of the Anshi Tiger reserve, Karnataka.

2012-02-10T04:33:00.000-08:00

Combining field science with conservation

2012-02-06T17:06:00.002-08:00

Science has been the backbone of conservation and will remain so for ages to come. As a researcher I know and believe that there is a need for study and research to facilitate conservation and management of our resources and wild spaces.

But the need of the hour today is also to sensitize the urban as well as rural populations to document, highlight and protect natural resources for posterity. Gone are the days when we as a state could bask in the glory and say that yes, the entire stretch of Goa’s Western Ghats are protected areas, our coastline will be cleansed after every monsoons and our rivers will feed our populace and so on and so forth.

Thus the most important tool that has been used across the world however, is to collect and document quality data, by way of simple observations, records and surveys to save habitats or beaches alike by simple individuals or organizations that cut across economic, social or professional barriers and use the same to forcefully impress upon those in power, the media or judicial system the truths about the issues that are being raised.

It is thus a dire need that we, as environment educators, ecologists, wildlife biologists and conservationists alike, learn to train foot soldiers, volunteers and co workers, colleagues and all lay people alike the science of simple documentation and data compilation in our state.

A simple attempt to catalogue aspects of habitat disturbance and alteration, species diversity and threats, impacts of urban waste and other various aspects in our neighborhoods, urban establishments, forests,by a network of well trained field workers and volunteers can and has always yielded astonishing results in the past in the state as well as the country.

Let us plan, get together, share equipment, information and expertise then and empower those who have the skills and capacity to contribute towards biodiversity conservation as well as documentation...

Support our youth in taking up small and inexpensive projects for compilation of checklists, habitat sampling, mapping of green areas etc and you will be surprised how a network of committed individuals who study in our schools and colleges in the state, work in our state as professionals and stay in our coasts, plateaus and hinterlands can make a difference.

Teach our younger generations to monitor groundwater monitoring in our coasts, make bird lists of fragmented habitats, record man animal conflict impacts, observe the loss of traditional methods of farming, medicines, etc, anything that helps our generations to look at their environs in a scientific manner, where they can note down and come up with hard facts that stand when areas in their neighborhood, village or Vaddo are threatened or disturbed in the name of unplanned development and see how we as a people can influence policy, showcase our diversity and protect it too.

Interested nature lovers, social activists, anyone who has the inclination to protect Goa and its diversity is required to lend support, besides doing activism and awareness as this aspect is also important as is voicing their opinions and demanding their rights on environment related issues.

Contributions to this cause would eventually culminate into a larger storehouse of documented data that can be then interpreted by ecologists, activists, the legal system and policy makers and effectively used for the purpose of conserving wildlife habitats in the state and in the country.

On our part me and my team have had a great start and camps to train youth in field equipment, data collection and compilation with data sheets has begun! keep the faith.

Biodivesity camp Jan 2012 at Hypnale field station Kuveshi Karnataka.

2012-02-03T22:27:00.000-08:00

Tropical forests of Kuveshi-castle rock.

2012-01-30T21:54:00.000-08:00

2012-01-24T06:41:00.000-08:00

Tree canopy of proposed Mhadei Tiger reserve at dusk

2012-01-23T07:49:00.000-08:00

Basic equipment for studying snakes.

2012-01-19T16:47:00.000-08:00

I think the following basic equipment is essential for attempting to make that transition from a snake handler to someone who collects data for addressing human reptile conflicts and documenting ophidian diversity in an area/region.

1. Smith’s Volumes of British Fauna- for correct ID and basic taxonomy.

2. Snakes of India by Romulus Whitaker and Ashok Captain- for basic taxonomy and comparison of color morphs, etc.

3. Restraining tubes- for safe restrain of snakes for closer observations and study.

4. A detailed Data sheet that helps in collecting data of location, species, habitat, etc.

5. A hand held Global Positioning System that helps mark co ordinates and locations, altitudes etc for further reference. This unit can be taken by a group of handlers and shared.

6. A hand held Hygrometer or Kestrel that helps collect temperature, humidity, wind speed data for locations.

7. A good spring balance for determining weight of the individuals.

8. A head loupe/magnifier/hand held magnifying glass for scale counts, closer observations.

9. A set of snake bags for keeping snakes. Bottles and gunny bags is bad news.

10. A set of snake hooks for various species that are designed to keep both the snake handler and snake safe. Tongs, of any design or size injure snakes and are not advisable.

11. A set of OHP marker pens to aid taxonomy, a field notebook to write observations and a computer to fill in available data.

12. A sense of responsibility, zero showmanship, loads of patience and of course legal permissions from relevant authorities for rescue, study and documentation.

another goa- the backwaters of the mandovi river.

2012-01-15T16:25:00.000-08:00

Sunset in the Mollem national park, Goa India.

2012-01-12T15:20:00.000-08:00

Inclusion in Goa State Wildlife Advisory Board

2012-01-11T16:44:00.000-08:00

I have been included once again on the Goa State Wildlife Advisory Board for the 2^nd term of 2012-2015. I take this opportunity to request you all for helping me raise issues and concerns of Goa’s wildlife and environment at this important State level Advisory panel.

Hindi Snakes of India Books for free distribution

2012-01-11T16:41:00.000-08:00

With the help of Draco Books and Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, we at Herpactive are distributing a few copies of the Hindi edition of “Snakes of India” free of cost. It is a must have field guide for handlers, forest field staff and snake rescuers alike, especially those who cannot understand English. Let me know if anyone you know can benefit from the same.

2011-12-24T15:52:00.000-08:00

The 1st Castle Rock- Kuveshi Biodivesity Workshop 2012.

2011-12-17T18:04:00.000-08:00

THE SETTING-

A high altitude mixed moist deciduous and semi evergreen region, with altitudes ranging from 517- 800 msl, the forests around Castle Rock and Kuveshi village are a wildlifers paradise and a researcher’s dream area to work in.

Our base is at Kuveshi village, a small hamlet situated in the heart of rainforests and 12 kilometers away from Castle Rock. The motor able dirt track that leads to Kuveshi passes through some of the most exquisite forests of the region and includes a criss cross network of streams and rivulets that meander through these forests.

The forests that surround Kuveshi fall in the buffer areas of the Dandeli Tiger Reserve and are home to gaur, tigers, leopards, sambar, spotted deer, mouse deer, barking deer, sloth bear, slender loris to name but a few. The Herpetofauna includes King cobra, Indian Rock Python, Hump nosed and Malabar Pit vipers, Draco and Indian Monitor lizard, Malabar gliding frog and Maharashtra Bush frog amongst others.

The fabled Dudhsagar falls are located in tranquil dense tropical forest criss-crossed with small streams which all merge into the Dudhsagar falls. The view from the crown of the falls is spectacular, offering a panorama of the Mollem National Park, the Devil’s Canyon at its foot (a popular picnic spot with locals and tourists), and the little railway bridge that crosses the canyon.

The Base

The research base at Kuveshi is named Hypnale after the Latin name of the Hump nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale). The forest that surrounds the villages of Castle Rock and Kuveshi are the type locality of this species that is endemic to the forests of South India and Sri Lanka. The research station is a part of the Wildlife Research Station network that we are trying to establish across the Northern Western Ghats of India and is focused towards study of lesser-known fauna in the region.

THE SEASON-

Climate- Pleasant climate with windy weather.

Temperature- 28 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees Celsius.

Humidity- 60 percent and above.

THE ACTIVITY-

The Trip will include opportunistic surveys, lectures on field data collection and in situ photography of Western Ghats biodiversity.

Field identification of flora and fauna, demonstration, training on field survey techniques and discussion of natural history will also be a part of the program.

Participants will also get to use field equipment, learn basic observation and field skills and work alongside qualified researchers in the field.

WHAT TO EXPECT-

A rainforest eco system that is unique and offers vast prospects for

a. Closely observing,photographing and documenting uncommon and endemic bio diversity.

b. Trekking and participation in field surveys.

c. Learning from field ecologists and use of field equipment.

And more…..

DATES- 26^TH JAN 2012 TO 29^TH (7.00 am departure from Panjim on 26^th and reaching on 29^th at 4.00pm at Panjim)

CONTRIBUTION FEES- Rs 3200/- per participant (this includes all meals and snacks, usage of equipment, resource person fees and transportation from Panjim to Hypnale base station at Kuveshi and back.)

ENTIRE FEES HAVE TO BE PAID IN ADVANCE AND ARE NON REFUNDABLE SO PLEASE NE SURE BEFORE YOU CONFIRM.

Please email ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in or glendagoa@yahoo.co.in for details.

NUMBER OF SEATS- 10 on a FIRST COME BASIS.

AGE GROUP- 16 years to 60 years. (Participants have to be physically fit and prepared for the outdoors)

Essentials for the workshop.

1. Fast drying earth colored field clothes.

2. Good walking shoes fit for rough terrain.

3. Tick Socks (if don’t have a pair, buy one from us.)

4. Cap or Hat and Sweater or jacket (it is cold)

5. Field Note Pad and Pen/pencil.

6. Back pack for field.

7. Water bottle or container for Field.

8. Camera.

9. Field guides if you have any.

10. Personal identification papers (Car License or Election card)

Please note-

1. There is very little cell phone coverage in the areas where the workshop will travel. Please note the same.

2. Alcohol consumption is not allowed at any point of time during the workshop. This is not a picnic.

3. Please carry personal identification papers i.e. Election card or Driving license for the expedition.

4. The success of this program will depend on time management, discipline and ethical wildlife protocol. Please stick to the guidelines and suggestions of the Team Leader.

5. The trip will operate in dusty and strong windy areas. Please note that electronic equipment and other personal belongings are protected against the elements.

6. HERPACTIVE or its Team Leaders and service providers will not responsible for the loss of equipment or belongings.

7. Medical emergencies and health issues will be given priority and changes in itinerary due to such reasons will be at the discretion of the Team Leader.

8. The Team Leader reserves the right to shorten/call off the workshop in event of concerns for the security/health/climate/accident and any such eventuality that may put life at risk for the team.

Nirmal demonstrating the use of a Distance finder to volunteers

2011-12-15T18:26:00.000-08:00

With team member on the Pit Viper Expedition 2011.

2011-12-09T16:23:00.000-08:00

Vazra waterfalls base near Chorla Ghats.

2011-12-09T16:20:00.000-08:00

This is the base of the 143 m Vazra falls as it cascades into the forests of Virdi in Maharashtra and joins the Valvanti river. The rock face of the entire falls is also the nesting site of the Long billed vulture, an endangered and rare bird.

Green Pit viper at Mhadei Wildlife sanctuary, is one of the 3 viper species found in this important sanctuary of North Goa.

2011-12-07T15:40:00.000-08:00

use of field equipment

2011-12-01T18:37:00.000-08:00

Use of field equipment is essential for good quality work in the the conservation field. our endeavor is to use expose students, research assistants and field workers to field equipment that can help them work better for the study and conservation of biodiversity in the region.

Forests inspire...

2011-12-01T16:49:00.000-08:00

Some forests inspire...and need support and attention. Forests like these in Castle rock have been ignored and forgotten by researchers and conservationists alike. My team of committed volunteers and researchers will attempt to document and conserve these forgotten tracts of Castle rock forests in Karnataka over the next decade.

Tree bridge near Kuveshi village.Karnataka India.

2011-11-28T14:49:00.000-08:00

This tree bridge near Kuveshi village, Karnataka India is a link to the crown of the Dudhsagar waterfall. The area is in the reserve forests of Castle Rock and is part of the buffer zone of Anshi Tiger Reserve.

The crown of the Dudhsagar falls.

2011-11-26T19:42:00.001-08:00

This image is taken from the crown of the famous Dudhsagar falls, and one can see the train pass through the forests of the Mollem national park, Goa.

Of Panic, pythons and garlands!!

2011-11-26T19:37:00.000-08:00

As a field herpetologist I would like to point out that the manner in which the Indian rock python has been held apart, head held above the ground and coils around the neck of the handler is unnatural to say the least and will be the cause of unnecessary torture and stress to this protected species. This photograph shows how a snake can be abused and mishandled, shamelessly enough to capture limelight for a moment worth, perhaps unknowingly too that this act would have grievously caused internal injury to the poor creature.

It is not uncommon to see Indian Rock Pythons being paraded in front of cameras, for photographs or for media interviews in the state. It is in fact a growing trend amongst village youth to catch a snake that has unknowingly ventured in a human dominated landscape with the help of sacks and ropes. This poor creature is then either tied up and kept on display for the benefit of village folk or paraded as a wild garland of sorts for cell phone photographs that are then passed around as acts of bravery! It is only after considerable interest has been lost that the Forest officials are called upon to take the snake away.

I have personally rescued dozens of such so called “rescued snakes” from village squares, homes and even market places, often tied to trees or stashed in gunny bags from all across the state. The Wildlife rescue Squad of the Forest Department and other snake rescue volunteers have had similar experiences too. The conditions of snakes like these that are retrieved include multiple internal injuries, dislocation of ribs and jaws, deep bruises in skins and underbelly, broken teeth and numerous other complications. This is not bravery. Nor is it an act of compassion or saving a helpless creature. It is a wrongdoing.

In short an Indian rock Python caught by an individual or a group of individuals without any lack of knowledge of snake handling or training stands a great chance of irreversibly injuring the large snake, knowingly or unknowingly and needs to be discouraged from doing so by society at large too.

This brings me to the core aspect of the issue. The role of the media is crucial in curbing and discouraging this craze of capturing Indian rock pythons and subjecting them to all forms of torture. Any photograph and clipping of untrained and local individuals displaying this species of snake either around their necks, or as mentioned before held across like a huge rope for the benefit of the camera needs to be discouraged strongly by photo journalists themselves and by the editorial teams concerned.

It is my earnest plea to one and all in the media fraternity to stop encouraging this unnatural practice, as it is not only unethical but also illegal to capture, display and possess a protected species like the Indian rock python without the permission of the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state.

Included as a Schedule I species under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, due to demand of its skin in the illegal wildlife smuggling trade, this snake has the highest form of protection accorded to it under the Act across the country and is regarded as one of the flagship species of the reptile world.

While this species is now threatened due to its conflict with humans in the state as its habitats are being converted into concrete jungles across the state, the process of study, rescue and relocation is one that requires skill and study and should be left to professionals and authorities working in this field – i.e. the various trained rescue volunteers who work in coordination with the wildlife ranges in the state. Their numbers can be obtained from the Forest Department and are on call 24 hours a day. There is a dire need to learn to understand the human reptile conflict situation and respond to the same by means of a scientific solution rather than one, which puts the poor reptile in poor light and causes panic and hysteria amongst the minds of the people. In any case, a photograph of a youth holding a snake across his neck does not serve any educative, conservation, or any other purpose. I rest my case. Keep the faith.

Talk for children at Keri organized by Vivekanand Smruti Sangh

2011-11-18T09:00:00.000-08:00

A new species of limbless amphibian Ichthyophis davidi from the bordering districts of Goa and Karnataka states of Western Ghats

2011-11-18T08:59:00.001-08:00

In a joint effort by the researchers Dr. Gopalakrishna Bhatta of Department of Biology, BASE Educational Services Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru; Dr. K.P. Dinesh and Dr. C. Radhakrishnan of Western Ghats Regional Centre, Calicut; Mr. P. Prashanth of Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, Agumbe and Mr. Nirmal U Kulkarni of Mhadei Research Centre, Chorla Ghats have discovered a new species of limbless yellow striped caecilian from the Belgaum district of Karnataka which is part of the Western Ghats of India.

The new species Ichthyophis davidi is one of the largest known yellow striped caecilian from Western Ghats and is named in honor of Dr. David Gower, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London in recognition of his contributions to Indian caecilian studies. The common name suggested for the species is Chorla Giant striped Ichthyophis.

Systematically this yellow striped limbless amphibian is grouped in the genus Ichthyophis (meaning ‘fish like’) of the Family Ichthyophiidae under the Gymnophiona. The members of the genus Ichthyophis include both striped and non-striped caecilians in Western Ghats, these creatures are nocturnal and are found in forests and plantations.

Western Ghats, one of the global biodiversity hot spots supports 25 species of legless amphibians. Among the 25 species only five are yellow striped forms including the new species and are known from limited in distribution.

Members of the team have discovered earlier the tailless caecilians Gegeneophis madhavai in 2004 from Kundapura, Karnataka; Gegeneophis nadakarnii in 2004 near Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa; Gegeneophis goaensis in 2007 from Keri village in North Goa; Gegeneophis mhadeiensis in 2007 from the Chorla village in Belgaum, Karnataka.

Habitat destruction due to human interference and usage of chemical fertilizers in the plantations (areca, banana and cardamom) is limiting the distribution of these limbless amphibians in Western Ghats. Conservation of the forested patches adjacent to plantations and usage of organic manure in the plantations next to forested patches are the best means to safe protect these caecilians in Western Ghats.

Discovery of Ichthyophis davidi has been published in the journal, Current Science, Vol Number 101 Issue Number 25 October Pages 1015-1019 Year 2011.

Ichthyophis davidi -the new species of caecilian from Karnataka.image by Vikram Hoshing

2011-11-18T08:54:00.000-08:00

Buy Your copy today!

2011-10-11T04:46:00.000-07:00

contact ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in

2011-09-28T21:19:00.000-07:00

RARE INSTANCE OF GREEN VINE FEEDING ON A STRIPED CORAL SNAKE.

A rare instance of a Green vine snake (Ahaetulla nasuta) preying upon a Striped Coral snake (Calliophis nigrescens ) was recorded by herpetologist Nirmal Kulkarni and his team in the Chorla Ghats forests of the Mhadei Bio region on the 24^th of September 2011.

Interestingly, the Green Vine snake is a common partially arboreal species of snake while the striped coral snake is an uncommon venomous forest species that is endemic to the Western Ghats of India.

Earlier the team had reported an instance of a Green Vine snake feeding on a shieldtail snake in the same region a year ago.

The Green Vine snake has been commonly observed on ground in these parts foraging for prey and feeds mainly on lizards, frogs and small birds. It is a mildly venomous snake and the venom is capable of paralyzing small prey.

Striped coral snakes are strictly forest species of snakes that are known to be highly elusive in most of their range. Encountered in thickly forested areas or on the fringes of forest habitats and open patches, coral snakes feed on other species of snakes including worm snakes, shieldtail snakes and geckos. The species documented in the Mhadei Bioregion includes the striped coral snake and the slender coral snake.

There is a lacuna of knowledge about this species whose ecology and habitat preference is lest known merely from a few observations. The toxicity of the venom of the coral snake is a matter of study too and so is that of the Green vine snake which is a semi venomous species. Hence the current observations of predator prey relationships with a partially arboreal species are considered important by researchers.

The team observed the striped coral snake being caught at the head region by the Green Vine snake and pulled up from the leaf litter to 1 meter above the ground. The Coral snake was alive for a period of 40 minutes after being held by the Green vine snake and was taken to 5 meters above the ground when it was listless It was then chewed till mid body by the green vine snake for a span of 30 minutes and was swallowed head first followed by the complete snake.

The entire time span of the incident was 2 hours 15 minutes after which the Vine snake proceeded to a higher branch at 7 meters above the ground and settled there in coils for the night.

The approx length of the Green vine snake was 3.5 feet while the striped coral snake was approx 15 inches. Non-intrusive observations and photo documentation were carried out to document the behavior of the two species and the observations will be reported to various herpetology related research institutes in the country through a research note on the same.

The incident was recorded at 657 meters above sea level in secondary forest vegetation and the skies were sunny and bright. The humidity at the time was 78 percent and the temperature was 28 degrees Celsius. Other data including GPS locations and the dominant vegetation in the area was Makad limbu (Atlantia monophylla) and False guava (Catunaregam spinarum). The nearest water source to the area was approx 100 meters away from the incident.

The team consisted of Mr. Nirmal Kulkarni, Mr. Krishna Gawade and Mr. Ramakant Gawas affiliated to the Mhadei Research Center.

Nirmal Kulkarni

Email- ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in.

latest images of kankumbi dam site

2011-09-15T16:21:00.000-07:00

here are the latest images near kankumbi. the road that now connects goa and all the villages from the chorla side to belagum is under threat. the earth cuttings and walls have collapsed and the huge tunnels pose a threat to life and property. while the case is still SC work continues and will start again after the rains. the forests around here are imp corridors for large cats as well as other wildlife and the area is in close proximity of bhimgad as well as mhadei wls.

HERP BIKE EXPEDITION 2011.

2011-08-24T17:46:00.000-07:00

Yes, it is that time of the year when the rains have slowed down and yet a carpet of greens covers our landscapes. It is a time too for don our field gear one more time and head out to the sprawling forests of the Northern Western Ghats on our trusted motorbikes and do what we do best- record Herpetofauna as we visit various eco systems and create awareness through talks and awareness programs in remote locations.

This time around we will aim to travel on motorbikes and will once again transect the states of Goa-Karnataka and Maharashtra.

While an elaborate network of roads does exist in the Northern Western Ghats of India, we will go off road too especially to visit small hamlets in deep forest locales and on unique high altitude plateaus.

Thus our field work will include documenting reptiles and amphibians in a variety of landscapes and localized eco systems thus providing ample opportunity to observe photograph and record this lesser known diversity of the Northern Western Ghats.

Amongst other things we will also witness some of the largest waterfalls in the country, help 2 local NGOS’s and a school and collect field data for two Herpetofauna surveys that are on in the region.

The Dates for the Expedition are- 30^th Sept to 2^ndOct 2011 (will leave on 30^th Sept 2011 morning and be back on 2^nd Oct 2011 night.)

There are Limited seats for the expedition and scope for pillion riders too.

For more details email ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in

Nagpanchami and snake bite protocol.

2011-08-03T15:03:00.000-07:00

The festival of Nagpanchami will be celebrated on the 4^th of August throughout the state with much reverence and worship.

And as someone who is perpetually in awe of snakes and anything related to their kind, I will join in with other snake devotees to celebrate the relationship of this captivating Indian symbol of nature worship-the Cobra with the Mother Earth.

Amidst offerings of fresh grass blades offered to the clay replica of a hooded cobra and relishing the customary ‘patolyo’ sweets wrapped in turmeric leaves, I wish to absorb traditional knowledge too of the relationship between snakes and humans in today’s changing times.

I will also visit as many people as possible to seek to address issues relating to proper awareness of ‘First aid’ for venomous snake-bite amongst my extended family, friends and acquaintances and with a able team of snake handlers, research associates and well-wishers, will surely contribute in a small way.

Please do your bit too- spread awareness about the below mentioned latest Snake bite protocol amongst friends and family.

“First aid treatment is carried out immediately or very soon after the bite, before the patient reaches a dispensary or hospital.

Unfortunately, most of the traditional, popular, available and affordable first aid methods have proved to be useless or even frankly dangerous. These methods include: making local incisions or pricks/punctures at the site of the bite or in the bitten limb, attempts to suck the venom out of the wound, use of (black) snake stones, tying tight tourniquets around the limb, electric shock and even application of chemicals, herbs or ice packs. While most of these methods/cures have been proved wrong and in fact put the patient at a greater risk than before. So please do not attempt any of these above-mentioned methods in case of a bite.

I have sadly seen many local people have great confidence in traditional (herbal) treatments, but they must not be allowed to delay medical treatment or to do harm.

The recommended First Aid protocol for Snake bite as practiced today follows the below mentioned points

• Reassure the victim who may be very anxious and scared.

• Immobilize the bitten limb with a splint or sling (any movement or muscular contraction increases absorption of venom into the bloodstream.

• Consider Pressure immobilization for bites by elapid snakes only like the Indian Cobra and the Indian krait including sea snakes but should not be used for viper bites because of the danger of increasing the local effects of the necrotic venom. There is considerable debate of which technique to be used and I have personally found the use of a local compression pad applied over the wound pressure bandaging of the entire limb to be very effective.

• Avoid any interference with the bite wound as this may introduce infection, increase absorption of the venom and increase local bleeding.

· The patient must be transported to a place where they can receive medical care (dispensary or hospital) as quickly, but as safely and comfortably as possible. Any movement, especially of the bitten limb, must be reduced to an absolute minimum to avoid increasing the systemic absorption of venom. If possible the patient should not be allowed to walk and carried with the help of a stretcher or bed or sitting on a chair, etc.

And lastly remember, Polyvalent Anti Snake venom Serum is the only effective remedy for a venomous snakebite in India.

1st Mollem herpetofauna survey 2011 in July.

2011-07-28T19:03:00.000-07:00

its moth season at the chorla ghats!!

2011-07-28T19:00:00.000-07:00

Workshop for Snake handler’s held.

2011-07-19T16:07:00.000-07:00

A Snake Handler’s workshop was held at Sweet Home Guest house, Candolim on 17^th July by Herpactive in collabration with the Mhadei Research Center.

The workshop was attended by 18 snake handlers and rescuers from North Goa. These inlcuded rescuers from NGO’s, individual wildlife volunteers and reptile enthusiasts.

Goan herpetologist Nirmal Kulkarni conducted the 3 hour workshop and was assisted by Ms Glenda Dsouza and Ms Tarika Kiran.

Participants were familiarized with tools and equipment used for snake study and were also made aware of the latest snake bite protocol as is practiced in moderen times.

Other topics included were introduction to basic data sheets and keeping records, techniques and need for serious snake research in Goa and the legal aspects of snake and reptile conservation.

Another important topic covered was the effects of rescue and relocation of snakes from urban to forest habitat. The need for creating awareness about snakes and their benefits in an urban landscape was aslo stressed and discussed by all present.

The program ended with a film ‘One Million Snake Bites’ that was screened for the participants.

The workshop was the first in a series of workshops to be held across the state for creating awareness about serious reptile conservation in the state of Goa. Herpactive is an initiative by Nirmal Kulkarni, herpetologist and wildlife photographer to create awareness and instill appreciation for Herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) of Goa in particular and the country in general. Herpactive aims to promote the science of field herpetology by conducting walks, surveys, training workshops and field technique sessions for budding herp- enthusiasts as well as serious students of mainstream science.

Calotes sp in Mhadei Wildlife sanctuary. Monsoons 2011

2011-07-13T17:12:00.000-07:00

SNAKE HANDLERS WORKSHOP

2011-07-10T17:59:00.000-07:00

Over the last few years, I have found more youth interested in snake handling and more specifically, in rescues in the state of Goa. The skills that some of you posses vary for mere handling of snakes to observation and photography,etc.

Many rescuers are now at a stage where they have done all the ‘cool stuff’, posed with with various species for pictures and kept some of the attractive species in captive conditions.

Unfortunately, what lacks is collection and compilation of data that would help you study these reptiles and help conservation in the long run. A need for a common protocol for snake rescue and release needs to worked out as this will help minimze and address issues relating reptile-human conflict and provide vital answers to this growing problem. Rethinking the need for snake rescues and other aspects of snake conservation is also the need of the hour.

Keeping these objective in mind we at HERPACTIVE are taking this initiative to bring together 25 snake rescuers of North Goa as a first step towrds helping train snake rescuers in the new Snake Bite Protocol, Data sheet maintainence and basic taxonomy besides other related activity. This is an opportunity for those snake handlers who wish to take a step ahead beyond being mere snake rescuers and combine hands on work with serious study of herpetofauna.

The 2^nd stage will have a similar program in South Goa for snake rescuers in South Goa.

Date – 17^th July 2011 (Sunday)

Time- 10.00am to 1.00pm.

Venue- Candolim, Bardez Goa. (Exact venue will be intimated at later stage)

Age Group- Above 18 years and above.

THE WORKSHOP IS BEING CONDUCTED FREE OF COST AS AN INITIATIVE OF HERPACTIVE AND MHADEI RESEARCH CENTER.

Criteria- Snake handlers from North Goa only who are currently rescuing snakes on a first come first serve basis.

Number of seats- 25.

Contact person- Ms Tarika Kiran on 08322278276 and 08322409999.

Acttivity-

1. Introduction to Basic Taxonomy.

2. Familiarization and handling of tools and equipment used for Snake study.

3. Introdutcion to Snake Bite protocol and First Aid.

4. Rethinking Snake handling and rescue- science vs hobby.

5. The path ahead- snakes matter!

VENOMOUS SNAKES CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

2011-07-02T16:50:00.000-07:00

VENOMOUS SNAKES CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

1^st Announcement.

Dear herp enthusiast/researcher,

Goa has a vast diversity of snakes of which a few are venomous and one needs to be aware of the same. They are an integral part of our urban as well as rural landscapes and a vital component of any healthy ecosystem. It is the need of the hour to create awareness in urban as well as rural Goa about identification and importance of these species in our environment.

Of course, there is no one specific simple single rule for identifying a venomous snake, as many non- venomous ones have evolved to look like their venomous brethren. However, some of the more medically important ones (yes that’s what they are termed as) can be recognized by their shape, size, color, behavior and sound they make when they are threatened in the field.

Our endeavor will be to document and map these venomous snakes in our environs and in the forests of Goa and compile a simple data sheet for identification of these species in the local language for the public.

We will also address issues of conflict that arise due to disturbance in habitat or loss of prey, both of which sadly are factors that are created by humans.

Join us to conduct opportunistic field surveys, night trails and transect searches in Goa’s wilderness while we attempt to achieve the above objectives.

We will interact with filed staff of the Forest department and snake rescuers, do fieldwork in remote locale and combine field science with local knowledge to help understand these highly ignored group of biodiversity.

This is an opportunity for those who seek to get training about the importance of venomous snakes and their ecology or an occasion to experience first hand the techniques of field data collection at the height of the South West Monsoons.

For photographers and wildlife trekkers, this is a chance to take their skills to the next level as photo documentation will be a key factor here and the opportunities will be endless!

Essentials

Essentials include keen interest to study herpetofauna and ability to work in a team in a given time frame. We will have to brave the South West monsoons and also spend a considerable amount of time in the field.

Dates:- 19^th, 20^th, 21^st and 22^nd of Aug 2011 (3 nights and 4 days).

Number of seats: - 8 seats.

Fees: - include food, accommodation and transport (Panjim to Panjim) during the program.

For more details email ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in or call Glenda on 09822586918.

At the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust.

2011-07-02T16:24:00.000-07:00

It was great to be at the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust and Centre for Herpetology, Chennai with vet Dr Gowri Mallapur and Dr Collin, Director of MCBT. Also seen Mittal Gala and turtle expert and vet Dr Shanon Ferrell from Fort Worth zoo USA and volunteers.

1ST MOLLEM HERP EXCURSION 2011.

2011-06-18T03:51:00.000-07:00

THE SETTING-

Nature’s Nest campsite is located in a working areca nut and organic fruit farm on boundaries of the Bhagvan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary of Goa and is surrounded by typical Western Ghats including mixed moist deciduous, deciduous and semi evergreen forest types. Home to an array of biodiversity, the region has been acknowledged as a Mega Biodiversity hotspot as well as an Important bird Area by international conservation bodies.

THE SEASON-

Climate- Medium showers with windy weather.

Temperature- 18 degrees Celsius to 22 degrees Celsius.

Humidity- 80 percent and above.

TRAVEL-

Pick Up and drop for participants will be arranged from Panjim to Panjim for all participants.

THE ACCOMODATION-

Participants will stay in shared accommodation at Nature’s Nest in the picturesque village of Surla near Mollem National Park.

Food will include Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian options.

TEAM LEADER-

Nirmal Kulkarni- A qualified field ecologist and herpetologist, Nirmal Kulkarni has to credit the discovery of 2 new species of legless amphibians (caecilians), a host of research papers and an experience of over 15 years in the forests of the Western Ghats of India. He is also a wildlife photographer and specializes in photographing lesser-known fauna. He currently works on pit vipers and amphibians in the Northern Western Ghats of India.

THE ACTIVITY-

The 1^st Mollem Herp Excursion 2011 will include sessions of snakebite protocol, basic taxonomy, opportunistic searches and in situ photography of lesser-known Herpetofauna of the Western Ghats.

Field identification of Herpetofauna, photography tips and natural history will also be a part of the program.

Participants will also get to use field equipment, learn basic observation skills and work alongside qualified herpetologist Nirmal Kulkarni and his team in the field.

WHAT TO EXPECT-

The Monsoons offer opportunities for closely observing and photographing Herpetofauna that is uncommon and endemic to the Northern Western Ghats of India.

Our target species that we aim to document include the

1. Banded Ground Gecko (Geckoella albofasciata)

2. Hump Nosed Pit viper. (Hypnale hypnale)

3. Beddome’e keelback snake. (Amphiesma beddomei)

4. Malabar Pit viper. (Trimeresurus malabaricus)

5. Goan Day gecko. (Nemesphis goaensis)

6. Malabar Night frog. (Nyctibatrachus major)

And many other endemic and threatened wonders of the Northern Western Ghats of India.

DATES- 9^TH JUlY 2011 (AT 8.00AM) TO 10^TH JULY (3.00PM) INCLUDING A NIGHT STAY IN SHARED ACCOMODATION.

NUMBER OF SEATS- 10.

PARTICIPATION FEES- RS 1600/- ONLY INCLUDING TRANSPORT AND USE OF EQUIPMENT AND RESOURCE MATERIAL.

AGE GROUP- 15 years to 55 years. (Participants have to be physically fit and prepared for rains.)

For details email at ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in OR call Glenda on 09822586918.

Essentials for Mollem Herp Excursion 2011.

1. Fast drying earth colored field clothes.

2. Gumboots or good walking shoes fit for rainy weather.

3. Powerful Torch or Headlight- with extra batteries.

4. Rainwear (Raincoats or Ponchos).

5. Field Note Pad and Pen/pencil.

6. Personal medical kit if any.

7. Back pack for field.

8. Water bottle or container for Field.

9. Sleeping bag or blanket and sheet.

10. Camera.

11. Personal toiletries.

ABOUT HERPACTIVE

Herpactive is an initiative by Nirmal Kulkarni, herpetologist and wildlife photographer to create awareness and instill appreciation for Herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) of Goa in particular and the country in general.

Herpactive aims to promote the science of field herpetology by conducting walks, surveys, training workshops and field technique sessions for budding herp- enthusiasts as well as serious students of mainstream science.

With education and in situ conservation as its objectives Herpactive seeks to conduct reptile and amphibian treks, photo documentation surveys and dedicated Herpetofauna study expeditions in Goa and as well as in the country.

A key component of the activities of Herpactive will be awareness generation amongst society about Herpetofauna and this will be achieved through programs, discussions and sessions from time to time.

With ethics, education, science and conservation as the combined foundation stones of this initiative, Herpactive aims to propagate the science of field herpetology amongst one and all.

The Indian Bull Frog- in eminent danger.

2011-06-11T16:07:00.000-07:00

The South West monsoons have swept across the state and pulled a luxuriant green carpet on our wild as well as urban landscapes. Amidst the sprouting of new shoots and the flowering of seasonal herbs are the distinct calls of the frogs that herald the arrival of the monsoons- a season of vibrant life and joy… for most species except the frogs themselves!
This is because this is also a time when every Tom, Dick and Harry would don his rainwear and carry his faithful torch to systematically hunt selective and yet important species of frogs for the platter. Considered as Jumping Chicken, a local delicacy for many Goans, the trend of hunting the Indian Bull frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) has now reached appalling proportions.
Across every landscape in the night be it the neighborhood field or plateau, stream or road, one finds groups of youth and old go around catching these important species in their hundreds with the help of powerful torches and lanterns much oblivious of the fact that they are contributing to the local extinction of a key indicator species of amphibian just to satisfy their own taste buds.
The Indian Bull Frog is an enigmatic species that used to be found across the state of Goa and was an integral component of any local ecosystem be it a pond, well or field till the upsurge in poaching of this species about 8 years ago. Being one of the largest of its genus and family, this species can be easily identified by its large size and clear tiger like striped pattern on its body. The coloration varies from pale yellow to deep yellowish brown and some individuals also sport tinges of green along the flanks. The sub adults are greener and breeding males sport a bright chrome yellow color.
Being a slow moving frog, this species is an easy target for predators including small carnivores and birds of prey and is a vital ink in any pond or terrestrial ecosystem. Besides which the Indian Bull frog feeds on a variety of prey itself and this includes various species of insects, rodents and even reptiles like smaller snakes and lizards. There have been records where individuals have preyed upon roosting kingfishers and sunbirds at night too! But the most important prey of the tadpoles of this species is the larvae of mosquitoes which are kept under control where some populations thrive, and are an example of how biological controllers can help prevent diseases and help save lives.
But today the Indian Bull frog is fighting a losing battle in almost all its past habitats in our state due to a variety of reasons including extensive poaching, habitat loss and alteration and usage of pesticide.
Despite a ban on the hunting of Frogs in the state, the so called pastime, sport, trade and consumption continues unabated and is a fact that has been accepted not only by Government officials and wildlifers alike but also known by every neighborhood group of youth who head to selected areas at nightfall for poaching this species. The Goa Forest department ahs resorted to creating awareness and ensuring that at least the protected area network of our sanctuaries is free from Frog hunting- which is quite a task in itself, but outside that, the poachers continue to have field day when it comes to hunting frogs for the platter.
The need to enforce the Ban of hunting is vital and requires attention at two levels. The trade has to be aborted at the supply end where poachers can be apprehended by teams of officials of the Wildlife division and the Goa Police and the demand has to be abolished by raids being conducted by officials on establishment and outlets serving frog meat as a delicacy! Let us be clear that the trade would never end if the demand is not stopped and this can only be addressed by taking strict action including cancellation of establishment licenses, attachment of equipment including of vehicles used for transportation of poached frogs, etc. this would not only send a strong signal to those who tend to defy the law but would also help the depleting populations of the Indian Bull frog to a certain extent.
Besides which we need to understand that the change in land use pattern has reduced vital breeding areas and left little space for this amphibian species to breed and sustain a healthy population, thanks to the rise in haphazard development especially on all our plateau areas in the state. The extensive usage of pesticides has further pushed these crucial indicators of healthy ecosystems to the brink of local extinction as our farmlands and orchards are now repeatedly being abused with inorganic pesticides and fertilizers- which act as a toxin to scores of amphibian species including the Indian Bull frog in the adult and larval stage.
And while as concerned citizens, it is our duty to report Frog hunting to the nearest Forest Department office or Police station, what remains to be seen is how serious are the Government agencies in imposing the Ban of Frog Hunting this year. As the distinct calls of the Indian Bull frog are silenced in yet another locale day after day, the fact that remains to be seen is the period of time when the species would jump into local extinction…never to be seen again.

Know thy King program held on 22nd May 2011

2011-05-24T16:29:00.000-07:00

Experiences in the Mahdei- a researcher speaks…

2011-05-20T16:05:00.001-07:00

Mornings arrive with it charismatic calls and smells…a distant streak of light symbolizes the presence of the Sun God, that is yet to rise eastward of my position today. I could see a dense layer of cumulus clouds too stretching as far as the eye could see almost drawing a white sheet over the Mhadei valley.

I intend to scout a dense primary forest patch today accompanied by Namdev, not with a particular agenda in mind, but to familiarize myself with this side of the wilds. Without much ado we set out, backpack laden with gadgets and goodies, and rainwear, just in case the Rain Gods decided to bless our beings.

Walking through one of Goa’s most important wildlife sanctuaries, the Mahdei is like literally living out of a dream…deep mystic forests, gushing clear waters of this Mother river, hidden trails marked by large cats and Sloth bears and an verdant green tree canopy that is alive with who’s who of the bird world-hornbills, woodpeckers and paradise flycatchers to name a few! I caress the meter long buttress of a dipterocarp and am awed in its presence. Trees like these are ancient symbols of the Western Ghats forests and need to be revered I tell my self for their contribution to the ecosystems of which we too are a part.

I move on and a wisp of fresh air gives solace to my mind and legs, until I see the movement. An unmistakable green twig stands out on a small shrub and catches Lid’s eye too. My last three steps are taken unknowingly as I face one of our most common and yet charismatic tree snakes- the Green Vine Snake. With an ability to camouflage itself, thanks to its slender body and slow movements in green vegetation, the Green Vine Snake (Ahaetulla nasuta) grows to about 30 inches in length and sports colors from pale green to bright green and occasionally yellowish green, with a pale yellow underbelly.

It is common creatures like these that continue to inspire and awe me and my team to conserve and study these wild tracts that are so crucial to the water security of the state- as the forests of the Mahdei region spread over the political states of Goa-Karnataka and Maharashtra are catchment areas to our mother River the Mhadei river.

The Mhadei river (also spelt as Mahadayi = great mother), Goa’s lifeline, as we all know originates in the lush green forested hills at Degao in Khanapur taluka at an altitude of 940 m above sea level. The river flows westwards around 35 km in Karnataka and then around 52 km in Goa before joining the Arabian Sea. As researchers, ecologists and all those concerned with Goa and Karnataka’s water security and natural conservation have been crying hoarse about the dam projects which would ruin the ecology of the region as a whole, and cause irreversible damage to Goa’s lifeline the Mhadei region and her forests.

I have walked along the course of the Mhadei River time and again for more than a decade now, freezing images of the river and studying the lesser-known wildlife it nurtures. Being trained as a herpetologist and having been part of a team that has discovered two new species of caecilians (legless amphibians) from these havens of biodiversity I have witnessed its various moods and cycle of creation, destruction and again rebirth during varied seasons and spells of the year.

It is magical. The very transformation of a barren tract of forest land into a thick carpet of green on the onset of the southwest monsoons, the sprouting of coral mushrooms, the calls of a Malabar whistling thrush that imitate a naughty school boy all mesmerize every being that walks these forests. I have conversed with sounds of a mischievous wind that builds up in every valley and hill of this region and listened with rasp attention the soft murmur of every leaf that I tread upon…and I feel that this river and its denizens wish to communicate a fact- that the Mhadei and its forests need to be conserved from large scale development projects including mines, irrigation and diversion dam projects and large scale monoculture plantations-all of which threaten to irreversibly damage the delicate ecosystems that the river supports.

The region itself is also steeped in eco cultural legacy and the community protected sacred groves are a testimony to this fact. The sacred groves at Brahmakarmali, Surla, Nanorem and Copardem are of great ecological value. These areas have been conserved by village folk for ages and are a type of nature’s textbooks for those who wish to surrender to nature’s subtle surprises and delve into the realm of the magical Rain Gods that bless these serene tracts. Age old deities, dedicated to the forest Gods stand guard in these forests and these include folk deities like Mahishasurmardini, Gajalaxmi, Betal and Vaghro Dev.

In fact I must admit that I have been privileged to walk trails that lead to many of the myriad waterfalls and streams that dot the hills of this region I suggest the trail to the Hivre and Ladke waterfalls and its precincts just right for that sense of solitude and tranquility that one seeks when one walks the Western Ghats forests at the height of the monsoons and the trip has been forever etched in my heart.

Nature reigns supreme here in these parts, and even the fall of a solitary branch of deadwood makes a sound that evokes response, from all things wilds and wonderful be it jewel beetles and pill millipedes that scurry the forest floor or Slender Loris that scour the canopy heights. Yes, the Slender loris; an elusive and important flagship species of the Western Ghats is seen in the Mhadei and is a natural wonder to say the least. It is about the size of a chipmunk and is an arboreal animal. It spends most of its life in the trees, has slow and precise movements, and likes to travel along the top of the branches hunting alone. Yes, there are many such creatures that have made the Mhadei their home- the elusive pangolin and the endemic brown civet to name a few.

But the one charismatic mammal that has been in the limelight for the past few years for its presence in the Mhadei forests is the tiger. With repeated sightings, secondary evidences like cattle kills and pug marks it is a now a proven fact that the Mhadei wildlife sanctuary is also a large cat habitat.

Add to this other forms of diversity including medicinal plants, avifauna and of course the fresh water fish diversity and it would perhaps take many more pages to even touch upon the array of life forms one can find here. I can go on and on…as the treasures are endless…

The sheer richness of these forests and their undergrowth, the very thought of which still sends shivers of joy down my spine is hard to explain but one must realize that a strong stand needs to be taken to conserve not only the Mahdei Wildlife Sanctuary and its forests but all other Protected areas too as they are the Green Lungs of our state and are responsible for nurturing and sustaining our natural resources which primarily include water and fresh air in the simplest of terms.

Talk at Mitsuko trust on reptiles and amphibians for underprivileged children

2011-05-06T17:31:00.000-07:00

2011-04-27T16:12:00.000-07:00

The Carl Zeiss Awards 2011. Delhi India.

2011-04-24T15:13:00.000-07:00

Article on my work in the Maharashtra Times

2011-04-22T16:06:00.000-07:00

Workshop at Mahdei Research center for children

2011-04-20T17:00:00.000-07:00

A workshop on 'Introduction to Field Equipment' was held at the Mhadei Research center Chorla Ghats on the 16th and 17th of april 2011 for 25 students drawn from various parts of Goa. Students were introduced to various field techniques and taught how to do data collection with the help of field equipment. Discussions, tiger conservation films and field survey was also a part of this program. The workshop was conducted by resident herpetologist Nirmal Kulkarni and research assistant krishna gaonkar. Mr. Rajendra Kerkar, well known environmentalist and writer also participated in the workshop and gave guidance to the participants.

The Brown Vine snake (Ahaetulla pulverulenta)

2011-04-06T06:04:00.000-07:00

The Brown vine snake is an uncommon species of snake found in the Western Ghats of India and Sri Lanka. This specimen was documented in the the Chorla Ghats area of the Mhadei Bio region.

NIRMAL KULKARNI RECEIVES CARL ZEISS AWARD 2011 FOR WILDLIFE CONSERVATION.

2011-04-03T01:47:00.000-07:00

The 11^th Carl Zeiss Wildlife Conservation awards ceremony was held at the jacaranda hall in New Delhi on 1^st April 2011 amidst an august gathering of tiger experts and conservationists, wildlife biologists, officials of the Indian Government, representatives of the media and the public.

Each year starting from the year 2001 an expert panel led by tiger specialist Valmik Thapar identifies five individuals involved with tiger and wildlife conservation and recognizes their commitment and dedicated efforts towards the cause of wildlife conservation.

Amongst the five conservationists chosen this year is Goa based Nirmal U. Kulkarni, a herpetologist and field ecologist who was acknowledged for his research and conservation initiatives in the Mhadei Bio region. He was part of a team that discovered two new species of legless amphibians, the caecilians - Goan caecilian (Gegeneophis goaensis) and Mhadei caecilian (Gegeneophis mhadeiensis) besides having mapped and extensively documented the lesser-known biodiversity of the region.

A graduate in Applied Art from the Goa College of Art, Nirmal has also completed his Masters in Environment and Ecology. The award recognised his expertise in combining science photography and activism in the Northern Western Ghats of India where he works. He has also worked on research projects in Gujarat, Assam and was part of a team that reported a new sub species species of the Jerdon’s pit viper from Arunachal Pradesh. As a trainer, he has helped shape young nature enthusiasts into foot soldiers for India’s wildlife research and conservation movement - particularly reptile conservation.

Nirmal is a Member of the Goa State Wildlife Advisory Board and has recently compiled a book on Goan Wildlife called ‘The Goan Jungle Book’

The other recepients of the awards were

a. Dr Dharmendra Khandal recognised for his inspirational tiger conservation work in anti poaching and for his unique holistic reform program for a poaching community in Ranthambore, Rajasthan.

b. Dr M Firoz Ahmed a wildlife biologist from Assam who is extensively working for tiger reseaerch conservation in North east India and is deeply involved in community based conservaton initiatives.

c. Mr. Sanjay Gubbi from Karnataka for his path breaking work on large mammal conservation and mitigation of human wildlife conflcit thorugh science based advocacy.

d. Ms Vidya Athreya from Pune Maharashtra for her pioneering research on human -large cat interactions, especially leopards in sharing a common space with humans.

The award function was atteneded by a host of dignitories that included the Hon Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports PadmaVibhushan M S Gill, Shri Sitaram Yechuri, MP, Communist party of India, Shri V P Singh, Bhartiya Janata Party, PadmaShri P K Sen Ex Director of Project Tiger, tiger experts Valmik Thapar, Dr. Ulhas Karanth and Dr Y V Jhala, wildlife journalist Prerna singh Bindra and anti wildlife crime activist Belinda Wright, Chairman of the Central Empowered committee Mr P V Jayakrishnan, Padma Bhushan awardee and actor Shashi Kapoor amongst others.

The award consists of a trophy and a Carl Zeiss field binoculars that in tiger expert Valmik Thapar’s words is a great asset for all awardees who engage in saving India’s rapidly declining wildlife.

For more details contact- Nirmal U. Kulkarni on ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in

the Mugger in Goa's Kumbarjua canal-threatened

2011-03-25T17:56:00.001-07:00

The marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is better known as the Mange or Muggar in local language and inspires a mixed reaction of awe; fear and respect amongst the communities residing on both sides of the Kumbarjua- Banastari canal. While records indicate that these reptiles were introduced by the Adil Shah of Bijapur in these waters as biological deterrents against enemy soldiers, researchers have often argued that the local population was a off shoot from the main population that once existed off the islands of Chorao and nearby mangrove areas.

Growing up to a whopping 3 meters in length the Marsh crocodile olive brownish in color with a yellowish white underbelly. They usually spend the day basking on the banks or rocks, ready to slip into the waters on slight disturbance, and are a sight to watch with their open mouths and listless bodies simmering in the afternoon Sun. The increased sand extraction activity in these backwaters is causing irreversible damage to the fragile mangrove eco system and the prey base. This includes sand extraction, loading/unloading on banks and sustained deterioration of the mangrove forests in the area.

Over a period of time, there is possibility that these reptiles will come into conflict with human settlements along the banks due to the aforementioned disturbances.

The increased Iron ore barge movement by Barge traffic in this section is also a factor that will affect the habitats of these threatened reptiles and urgent action by State Government authorities is the need of the hour.

illegal sand mining is taking its toll

2011-03-07T07:44:00.000-08:00

The Mhadei Bio region

2011-02-26T15:42:00.000-08:00

The Mahdei Bio region is on the world map during to its vast array of bio diversity, some of which has not even been known to science. The area is home to the big 5 large mammals which include the tiger, leopard, wild dog, Indian gaur and the Sloth bear and even though the densities are low, frequent sightings by locals coupled with field surveys by individual researchers as well as Government agencies have proved that the numbers are rising in some protected patches. The Mhadei Wildlife sanctuary of Goa and the Bhimgad wildlife sanctuary of Karnataka along with the reserved forests of Maharashtra are important corridors for these large mammals as well as other life forms. The presence of key flagship species of the Western Ghats including endemic birds like the Nilgiri Wood pigeon, reptiles like the King Cobra and the Olive Forest Snake, amphibians like the Mhadei and Goan caecilian all go on to prove that this region in rich in faunal diversity.

With regards to flora, the various flowering plants and shrubs are a botanists delight and many Rare Endangered and Threatened species (RET) have been documented and catalogued here. The unique plataux vegetation on our Sadas, is still being documented and one can see a range of medicinal plants here which are even today used y by the communities.

The Region is now under threat due to various reasons chiefly being the large-scale development projects including Dams and Road networks, which seek to irreversibly damage the delicate ecosystems of the region. Another rapidly increasing threat is monoculture plantations of cash crops including Acacia, banana and cashew and this is a cause of concern for wildlife researchers working in the region.

While hunting and poaching is now drastically reduced due to awareness and increased patrolling, it is tree felling and small mining and its transportation through forest areas that is now a growing threat in this region.

View from Lasni temb

2011-02-17T23:51:00.000-08:00

i sat on Lasni temb one evening and saw this view of the Mhadei Wildlife sanctuary in foreground and the Arabian sea in the horizon.

The ships carrying ore are seen and so are the backwaters of the Kumbarjua and the plateau region in between.

article in the Gomantak times on THE GOAN JUNGLE BOOK

2011-01-25T07:44:00.000-08:00

Ant cleaning its leg.

2011-01-13T15:49:00.000-08:00

i still have to confirm the id of this species of ant but i did observe this individual for almost 15 minutes and took some rather amusing images of this beautiful creature.

The ‘Goan Jungle Book’ is now available at-

2011-01-13T15:48:00.000-08:00

1. Broadways Book store Panjim.

2. Varsha Book store Panjim.

3. Mandovi Book house Panjim.

4. Other India Bookstore Mapusa.

5. The Indian Story Assagao.

6. Vardhaan eco shop Margao.

7. Earthworm Eco store, Porvorim.

8. Green Essentials Taliegao.

9. Acron Arcade Candolim.

2011-01-11T08:45:00.000-08:00

Environment Education- a need of the hour.

2011-01-09T16:22:00.000-08:00

The State Education machinery needs to give environmental education in schools a higher priority. I earnestly hope that the process which begun almost a decade ago has not been forgotten as Goa was one of the first few states to implement the policy of environment education as a subject. In fact, the State Education Board had also infused Environment Education in other subjects in the syllabus so as to help teachers impart local knowledge including local biodiversity, neighborhood environmental issues and activities related to garbage disposal and nature conservation. Being part of a committee then, co coordinated by Center for Environment Education, Goa State I remember the zeal and motivation then of many officers and teachers who gave time and efforts to shape and put together a comprehensive action plan as well as curriculum for environment education. In fact Teachers Training Workshops, organized by various schools and institutions were held and there was a marked increase in grassroots interest especially in the teaching community about the subject. Projects based on the environment, seminars and workshops and more importantly field trips and class room practical sessions were the backbone of this ‘movement’ that had helped create a resource pool of green teachers and environmentally conscious students too.

Today, I personally feel that the momentum has been lost somewhere and it is a matter of concern. It is a difficult job convincing a Government. I know. But it is an even more difficult job to ignore the fact that a Government implemented policy-and that too a good one at that has lost its impetus.

We all know by now that Environment studies have to be inter disciplinary and a part of our school and high school curriculum. It is an earnest need of the hour. It is not just a subject, mind you, but the kind of subject, in fact that would help address crucial issues of the state to our future generations. Garbage disposal and composting, use of renewable energy, sustainable use of natural resources, conservation of natural habitats are all matters of concern for us in Goa and our student community needs to be aware of them too.

While organizations like the WWF Goa State office and the Center for Environment Education are doing their bit, it is necessary for the Department for Education as well as the Department for Science, Technology and Environment to review the state of Environment education in Goa. Easier said than done, it would also mean identifying key resource persons and implementing agencies for revival and reshaping perhaps of earlier policies that were implemented a about a decade ago. Support from individual resource persons, experienced environment education trainers and institutions is bound to follow as it’s a national cause and one that is dear to every nature lovers heart. We need to strengthen the foundations of our society of tomorrow, with regards to respect for the environment and its components. This will only be possible if the children of today are sensitized to issues that surface around them on a daily basis in school as well as in their neighborhood.

The fact that our students need to know local environment issues and concerns, age old traditions related to conservation like Sacred Groves, or for that matter the festival of “Mange Thapne” and many such nuggets of Goan culture related to nature is a long cherished vision that many of us who have seen Goa’s rich cultural and ecological tapestry harbor. The simple truth that appreciation for nature and its life forms can only be extended through our formal and informal education system needs to be understood and accepted by us all.

It is a sincere appeal to our State Education Minister as well our Board of Education to bring life to this aspect of education in our school curriculum. Besides infusing green facts of Goa’s ecology and wildlife, culture and urban challenges of garbage management, practical projects and site visits for the student community to showcase our state in its true essence is necessary. This will go a long way in ensuring that our future generation is aware of our state’s natural resources as ecological systems. I hope the zeal of all those who helped formulate the green curriculum years ago is alive today and we will see a revival of a focused environment education in school system policy soon. Keep the faith.

green Vine snake- the scales

2011-01-05T03:30:00.000-08:00

‘The Goan Jungle Book’- a collection of articles by Nirmal Kulkarni.

2010-12-31T22:46:00.001-08:00

About the book

The Goan Jungle Book is Nirmal Kulkarni’s attempt to bring together a collection of some articles and notes he has written for local newspapers and publications, which detail his several sojourns through the forests in and around Goa, and reflect his concerns as an ecologist and activist. The essays offer just a tiny glimpse of the teeming jungles of Goa - where creatures big and small thrive in habitats that are unexplored and seldom appreciated - through the eyes of a passionate ecologist and wildlife photographer. If you want to discover and appreciate the rarely explored wild side of Goa, this book is right up your alley.

About the Author

Nirmal Kulkarni is a Goa based herpetologist, wildlife photographer and Director (Ecology) of Wildernest Nature Resort, an eco-tel in the Chorla Ghats, and co-founder of Goa-based eco-store Earthworm.

Though he largely trawls the surviving wild outback of the Western Ghats in Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra in search of his subjects of study, research and photography, Nirmal has also worked on research projects that looked into the contentious human-nature relationship and the increasing conflict between human, nature and the wild world in Gujarat, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. He was part of a team that discovered two new species of legless amphibians, the caecilians - Goan caecilian (Gegeneophis goaensis) and Mhadei caecilian (Gegeneophis mhadeiensis). As a trainer, he has helped shape young nature enthusiasts into foot soldiers for India’s wildlife research and conservation movement - particularly reptile conservation.

Nirmal trained as an Applied Artist with photography as specialisation, before opting to do a Masters degree in Environment and Ecology. He has spent years documenting and photographing natural heritage, folk culture and wildlife, particularly the lesser-known species in his home state, Goa, and in the other forests and urban areas where he works as an ecologist and researcher.

‘The Goan Jungle Book’ is aimed at creating awareness amongst the Goan public at large about the lesser known biodiversity of Goa and its forests and is available at all major book stores across the state.

Nirmal Kulkarni

For details contact- ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in

The Goan Jungle Book- my first book.

2010-12-26T07:39:00.000-08:00

Distribution of compost created from Nirmalya of Ganesh chaturthi.

2010-12-15T20:55:00.001-08:00

It will be recalled that the Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations in Vasco City took on a very interesting direction this year wherein the whole city participated in an eco-friendly initiative. The Citizens of Vasco City gave their nirmalya (offerings of garlands and Prasad) at 4 visarjan sites to willing volunteers who graciously collected it at Baina Beach, Kharviwado, Vaddem lake and Chicalim. Nirmalya was taken from the devotees and segregated in paper, plastic and flowers at site in an effort to create less pollution at rivers, nullahs and beaches.

This could be made possible with the collaboration of MMC with Chairperson, Shekhar Khadapkar, the enthused volunteers were a mix of concerned citizens and organizations such as Bharat Swabhiman, Vinayak Kala Sangh, Rotary Club of Dabolim and MES College with Daji Salkar, Mrs. Lalita Joshi, Namdeo Chopdekar, Mr. Kevin Dsilva, Pallavi Shirodkar, Jayant Jadhav , Alka Damle, Neelima Parulekar, Renu Rao, Dinesh Heda, Amit Tapadia, Amit Bandekar and Charuta Mehta, Roshan Gunjal, Shami Salkar and Roopa Bandekar of Earthworm Ecostore.

MES college had taken the responsibility of composting 2,500 kilos of nirmalya collected over 3 days of four sites. And after over 2 months of of making 200 kilos of vermicompost and 100 kilos of EM (effective microorganisms) making a total of 350 kilos of compost.

A first lot of 100 plus kilos is now ready and the volunteers have decided that it should be distributed free to the citizens who made this green venture possible.

The 19^th of December is Goa Liberation Day. The compost will be distributed at three sites in Vasco, At the Goa River Marathon organized by Vasco Sports Club at Baina Beach at 11 a.m., The Mini Marathon, “Run for Unity” near MMC Garden Baina by Vinayak Kala Sangh at 9.30 a.m and at the Flag Hoisting Ceremony at MMC Office Building. For more information please contact 9766358343 or 9822980599.

Indian saw scaled viper (Echis carinatus) at plateau.

2010-12-08T15:34:00.000-08:00

TOOLS OF THE TRADE workshop for reptile enthusiasts.

2010-10-07T03:04:00.000-07:00

Reptiles and amphibians draw considerable interest and awe amongst the mind of nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts of today, especially about snakes, turtles and lizards.

In recent times this interest has been fueled by television programs as well hands on work being carried out by various snake handlers and rescue workers in the state.

At HERPACTIVE, we aim to channel this interest to serious conservation by introducing budding herp fans to the use of modern techniques and basic equipment that is used in the field of herpetology.

A daylong workshop titled ‘TOOLS OF THE TRADE’ will be held in collaboration with the Mhadei Research Center in the Chorla Ghats for this purpose on the 17^th of October 2010.

Participants will understand and get to use field gear as well get a first hand experience of work that goes into the study of snakes and other creepy crawlies (its called Herpetology).

Besides which the basics of reptile identification, first aid and legal aspects of studying wildlife will be familiarized for the participants.

Nirmal Kulkarni and his team will conduct the workshop. A trained herpetologist and self confessed snake fan, Nirmal Kulkarni has to his credit a series of research papers, new discoveries and more than a decade of field experience in the study of reptiles and amphibians.

THE DATE-

WORKSHOP TIMINGS- 9.30am to 4.00pm. (Pick up from Panjim Bus stop at 8.00am and drop at Panjim Bus stop at 6.00pm

AGE- 18 years to 60 years.

NUMBER OF SEATS – 10.

FEES- RS. 600 per participant. (Inclusive of simple field lunch, tea and transport)

Herpetofauna Data sheet workshop held

2010-09-22T01:09:00.001-07:00

The Do Your Own Herpetofauna Data sheet workshop was conducted at Porvorim by Herpactive, an initiative started by herpetologist Nirmal Kulkarni with an endeavor to encourage the compilation of data on reptiles and amphibians in the state.

Participants from various walks of life including practicing vets, students of herpetology, eco tourism entrepreneurs, snake rescuers and wildlife enthusiasts participated in the 3-hour intense workshop and demonstration.

Nirmal Kulkarni, Goan herpetologist and ecologist emphasized the need to create and maintain data sheets, interpret data and use it for conservation purpose. He stressed upon the need for wildlife workers as well as enthusiasts to ensure that data collected reached the right channels for collation and interpretation, as this was as essential as collecting data.

Participants used various instruments like GPS systems, temperature and humidity meters, distance finders, etc and were also exposed to various forms of data sheets that are used by herpetologists for species and habitat surveys. A simple demonstration of a taxonomic data collection sheet as an Amphibian survey in a pond was also given.

According to Nirmal, Herpactive aims to promote the science of field herpetology by conducting walks, surveys, training workshops and field technique sessions for budding reptile- enthusiasts as well as laypersons who are in awe of these fascinating and yet lesser known creatures.

He further informed that a 3-hour ‘Tools of the Trade’ workshop will shortly be announced for reptile and amphibian enthusiasts that will teach and demonstrate the use of modern day tools and equipments used by herpetologists in research and studies.

For details contact- ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in

Nirmal Kulkarni.

Nirmalya Transformation project

2010-09-17T02:47:00.000-07:00

NIRMALYA TRANSFORMATION PROJECT OF VASCO…

AN ‘I’DEA THAT DROPPED THE ‘I’ TO BECOME ‘WE’…

The Nirmalya Collection project began as an intention a month prior to the Ganesh festival with a vision of making a holistic approach to an ecofriendly Ganesh Chaturthi a reality. Roopa Bandekar of Earthworm Ecostore introduced 100% ecofriendly Clay Ganesh idols in Goa for the first time that were painted with natural colours like multani mitti, turmeric and kumkum from Eco-exist Pune and conceptualized the NIRMALYA TRANSFORMATION PROJECT for the Port Town of Vasco.

Although collection of Nirmalya is not in itself new to Goa, but it was felt that there existed great gap between the devotees and the supposed ‘few’ who were concerned about the environmental damage caused during the immersion of nirmalya (such as garlands, flowers, coconuts, plastic and thermacole. The Germ of Vasco ‘I’dea was to ALWAYS keep the in mind the religious sentiments of the people AND include them in the process of change. The method: to make it a people’s movement; to do away with bins at immersion sites and replace them with the welcoming presence of enthusiastic volunteers.

When this ‘I’dea was first sounded off to Mrs. Lalita Joshi, a environmental catalyst and Director of BBA Dept of MES college Zuarinagar, it was accepted with such great enthusiasm that the ‘I’ of that idea quickly dropped and turned into WE….everybody who gave a ear to the idea absorbed it as their own. MES college Team Mr. Kevin Dsilva and Ms Pallavi Shirodkar took on the task of composting the collected nirmalya;

Mr. Shekhar Khadapkar, Chairperson MMC willingly supported us with funding for promotional material and workers at immerison sites.

Our enthused team consisted of Daji Salkar, Namdeo Chopdekar of Bharat Swabhiman , Jayant Jadhav of Vinayak Kala Kendra, Alka Damle, Neelima Parulekar, Renu Rao, Dinesh Heda, Amit Tapadia, Amit Bandekar and Charuta Mehta of Rotary Club, Roshan Gunjal, Shammi Salkar and J C Shalaka and many many more volunteers

WHAT WE DID:

We created posters and Flexes “ Ganpati Bappa Morya, Nirmalyacha roop badluya’ in marathi and Ganpati Bappa Morya, lets Transform our Nirmalya’ in English. And put them up a week before the Festival at Key sites in Vasco, shops, temples, market areas, bagayatdar, at points of traffic movement and relevant shopping sites. The message was spread personally from Temple gurujis, Sarvajanik mandals, house-to-house visits, through institutions, organizations, Banks, offices and articles in local publication Vasco Watch.

Pandals were erected keeping in mind high visibility and accessibility to all at the immersion sites of Khariwado, Vaddem Lake, two at Baina beach and one site at Chicalim with the Panchayat.

Two volunteers at each site along with MMC workers collected nirmalya from the people and most sites segregated at SOURCE from 8:30 p.m. to 2.30 a.m. in shifts or some of them were present throughout the time. The MMC vehicle took the Nirmalya to MES college the next morning for final segregation and composting.

WHAT MADE THIS CAMPAIGN UNIQUE!

· This WAS A PEOPLE’S CAMPAIGN and did not leave the sense of responsibility in the hands on the Government body or a single “NGO”/ organization.

· We consciously kept away from the ‘people versus environment’ approach.

· All Promotional material was printed in two languages Marathi and English languages keeping in mind its target audience.

· The campaign reached from household to household at a personal level.

· The campaign was carried out with minimum costs with a few baskets and enthusiastic volunteers. This helped us not only to understand how many people willingly gave their nirmalya, how many needed to be requested and what were the reservations of the unwilling but also to make recordings for the future.

· Different sites have different volumes of nirmalya collection on different days; we learnt that in some places 10 bags are not enough at all and in some areas a few suffice. It gave us information to plan for the future.

· The effort of being present and receiving the the Nirmalya at immersion sites was a trust building exercise which propelled more people to give

· Dinner can be Prasad! Prasad IS dinner!… the sharing of Prasad between the devotees and the volunteers and the quantities consumed by each volunteer, itself suggests that this was a project that sent great vibrations back to the earth!

And as Daji put it “Now my whole car smells of Nirmalya.” makes this project one of its kind!

IT WAS AN OVERWHELMING SUCCESS!

Most of our volunteers despite having their own household celebrations gave time, effort and enthusiasm to this project proving that where there is a will there the time.

All of us felt that much of the general public were concerned and ready for solutions.

Many devotees who had reservations were reassured by our presence and positive approach.

Our collections were almost 60% successful at all our locations.

Our immersion sites showed visible less damage the next morning.

We plan to continue the same awareness campaign with all the learnings of this one for the next years to come. And thank Each and every person who handed their sacred Nirmalya to us thus became a part of “We” project.

ROOPA BANDEKAR

First Record of the Jerdon’s Red Spotted Pit Viper from the Republic of India.

2010-09-03T05:40:00.000-07:00

First Record of the Jerdon’s Red Spotted Pit Viper (Protobothrops jerdoni xanthomelas) from the Republic of India.

While

conducting a Herpetofaunal survey of Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, West Kameng

district, Arunachal Pradesh, India, during 2006-2008, four Indian researchers reported the first record of the Jerdon’s Red Spotted Pit viper (Protobothrops jerdoni xanthomelas).

This venomous sub-species of Jerdon’s Pit viper is an addition to the 278 plus species of snakes documented in the country. With the addition of this species, the number of pit vipers found in India has risen to over 21 species.

The earlier records of this snake are from central and southern China, from Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei and Guangxi Provinces. The current range record of this subspecies from Lama Camp (West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh, India) is a range extension of approximately 1,200 km southwest from Sichuan in China - the nearest area where the Jerdon’s Red Spotted Pit viper (P.j. xanthomelas) has been reported.

Four individuals of this snake were found by the team that included Amod Zambre from Pune, Chintan Sheth from Bangalore, Shashank Dalvi from Mumbai and Nirmal Kulkarni from Goa. All the individuals were found at 2,350 meters above sea level.

Pit vipers are highly evolved venomous snakes belonging to the sub family Crotalinae that have deep pit, or fossa, in the loreal area between the eye and the nostril on either side of the head. These loreal pits are the external openings to a pair of extremely sensitive infrared detecting organs, which in effect give the snakes a sixth sense that helps them to find and perhaps even judge the size of the small warm-blooded prey on which they feed

The Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, has accepted the research paper concerning this important find.

The team has thanked Ramana Athreya – Kaati Trust/Eagle-nest Biodiversity Project who provided funds to survey Eaglenest WLS, snake taxonomist Ashok Captain for editing and reviewing the manuscript; Indi ‘babu’ Glow for everything in Eaglenest. Kesang, Phurpa, Maila, Khandu, Jetha, Neema and Dorjee for their tireless help during field work. The team has also thanked the Arunachal Forest Department (especially P. Ringu and G. N. Sinha) for permissions to work in the area.

Regards,

Amod Zambre

Chintan Sheth

Shashank Dalvi

Nirmal Kulkarni

2010-08-31T05:58:00.001-07:00

Earthworm Ecostore brings yet another offering in its endeavor to present options for celebrating Safe Festivals.

A TRULY eco friendly Ganesh idol is one that is made of clay and uses natural colours so that it does not contaminate the water bodies; this year we have collaborated with eCoexist, a social enterprise in Pune, to bring you truly eco-friendly Ganesh Idols made of Clay and painted with turmeric, geroo, and multani mitti.

The colors which were once used traditionally for these idols are lost to brightly coloured toxic paints that contaminate our seas, rivers, lakes and wells.

The need to create awareness and bring about a conscious change of using a truly eco friendly Clay Ganesh idols with natural colors prompted us to bring the idols from Pune.

A limited number of idols will be for sale as well as display at its store at Alto Porvorim from 4^th September onwards. All are welcome to see how beautiful these 100 percent hand molded eco idols look.

Earthworm eco store is also promoting eco friendly decorations and garlands to replace those made out of plastic and other non biodegradable materials at its store in Alto Porvorim and at select outlets across the state.

Celebrating Ganesh festival at our store, we would host a clay idol making workshop by sculptor Sachin Madage on the 4^th of Sept for children. And on 9^th September Mr. Rajendra Kerkar would talk on the “Significance of Matoli during Ganesh Chaturthi” on the 9^th of Sept.

Earthworm eco store is also part of an effort to recycle and compost the Nirmalya that is generated from the festival in Vasco city along with the Vasco municipality and other NGO’s and individuals in the city.

For information and inquiries please call us at 08322410871 or email at earthwormgoa@gmail.com

RARE INSTANCE OF GREEN VINE SNAKE EATING A SHIELDTAIL SNAKE.

2010-08-16T00:20:00.000-07:00

A rare instance of a Green vine snake (Ahaetulla nasuta) preying upon a Large scaled shieldtail (Uropeltis macrolepis macrolepis) was recorded by herpetologist Nirmal Kulkarni and his team in the Chorla Ghats forests of the Mhadei Bio region on the 15^th of August 2010.

Interestingly, the Green Vine snake is a partially arboreal species of snake while the large scaled shieldtail is an inoffensive burrowing forest species that is endemic to the Western Ghats of India.

This is the second report of a Green Vine snake feeding on a shieldtail snake in the Northern Western Ghats of India, the first report being from Maharashtra by herpetologist and Curator of the Bombay Natural History Society Mr. Varad Giri a few years ago.

The Green Vine snake is uncommonly seen on ground and feeds mainly on lizards, frogs and small birds. It is a mildly venomous snake and the venom is capable of paralyzing small prey.

Shieldtail snakes are strictly forest species of burrowing snakes that are usually encountered under humus or leaf litter in dense forest habitats of the Western Ghats forests and are known to be highly elusive in most of their range. Encountered in thickly forested areas or on the fringes of forest habitats and open patches, Shieldtail snakes can be observed and studied only in the 4 months of monsoon period in the field, after which they burrow under the forest floor, sometimes even 2-3 feet in the soil. The specie documented in the Mhadei Bioregion includes the large scaled shieldtail, the pied belly shieldtail and the Elliot’s shieldtail.

There is a lacuna of knowledge about these species whose ecology and habitat preference is lest known merely from a few observations and hence the current observations of predator prey relationships with a partially arboreal species are considered important by researchers.

The team observed the large scaled shieldtail being caught at mid body by the Green Vine snake and pulled up from the leaf litter to 1 foot above the ground to be swallowed head first followed by the complete snake. The entire time span of the incident was approx 40 minutes after which the Vine snake proceeded to a higher branch at 5 feet above the ground and remained there for 20 minutes before moving again.

The approx length of the Green vine snake was 3 feet while the large scaled shieldtail was approx 12 inches. Non-intrusive observations and photo documentation were carried out to document the behavior of the two species and the observations are being reported to the Center for Herpetology as well as the Indian Herpetological society for information.

The incident was recorded at 630 meters above sea level in secondary forest vegetation and the skies were partially cloudy. The humidity at the time was 78 percent and the temperature was 28 degrees Celsius. Other data including GPS locations and the dominant vegetation in the area was Makad limbu (Atlantia monophylla) and False guava (Catunaregam spinarum). The nearest water source to the area was approx 4 meters away from the incident.

The team consisted of Mr. Nirmal Kulkarni and Mr. Krishna Gawas affiliated to the Mhadei Research Center and Mr. Sunil Patil a volunteer.

Nirmal Kulkarni

Email- ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in.

Mhadei Herpetology Camp 2010

2010-08-05T00:32:00.000-07:00

MHADEI HERPETOLOGY CAMP 2010

THE SETTINGS-

The Chorla Ghats forests lie on the tri state boundaries of Goa- Karnataka-Maharashtra states and are part of the Mhadei Bio region. Classified as a Mega Biodiversity hotspot and an Important Bird area, the region is acknowledged as a large cat corridor and an area of high endemism for lesser-known fauna.

The forests types predominantly include mixed moist deciduous and semi evergreen forests with intermediate canebrakes and riverine vegetation.

Heavy to medium rainfall, diverse vegetation and high humidity has led to creation of niche habitats for Herpetofauna that are unique to this region. Availability of a variety of prey base and minimal human disturbance has ensured sustained stability of small populations in certain pockets of these forests.

THE SEASON-

Climate- Heavy to medium showers with windy weather.

Temperature- 18 degrees Celsius to 22 degrees Celsius.

Humidity- 85 percent and above.

THE OBJECTIVE-

The Herpetofauna of this region has been overlooked by serious workers and researchers in the past and the only work carried out by team leader Nirmal Kulkarni and his colleagues have resulted in documentation of 2 new caecilian species besides other range extensions of endemic and rare reptiles and amphibians. The team will help compile a basic checklist of the Herpetofauna in identified areas of interest and lay foundations of further work in the region.

CAMP STRUCTURE-

The Mhadei Herpetology camp has been specifically designed keeping in mind the unique Monsoon Herpetofauna of the Northern Western Ghats of India of which the Mhadei Bio-region is a part.

During this camp we will explore High altitude plateaus, monsoonal stream eco-systems and fringe forest environments. The program will also include an orientation on basics in Snake taxonomy, Reptile rescue, and Snake Bite protocol and wildlife photography.

Participants will also get to learn techniques of field surveys and scientific documentation of Herpetofauna with the help of field equipment.

WHAT TO EXPECT-

The Monsoons offer opportunities rare opportunity to observe and study Herpetofauna that are otherwise inactive for the rest of the year.

Participants will be able to document over 20 rare, endemic and uncommon species of Herpetofauna. Some species include-

1. Malabar Gliding Frog (Rhacophorus malabaricus)

2. Pied belly shield Tail snake. (Melanophidium punctatum)

3. Beddome’e keelback snake. (Amphiesma beddomei)

4. Malabar Pit viper. (Trimeresurus malabaricus)

5. Mhadei caecilian. (Gegeneophis mhadeiensis)

6. Malabar Night frog. (Nyctibatrachus major)

TEAM LEADER-

Nirmal Kulkarni

A qualified field ecologist and herpetologist, Nirmal Kulkarni has to credit the discovery of 2 new species of legless amphibians (caecilians), a host of research papers and an experience of over 15 years in the forests of the Western Ghats of India. He is also a wildlife photographer and specializes in photographing lesser-known fauna. He currently works on pit vipers and amphibians in the Northern Western Ghats of India.

ABOUT HERPACTIVE-

DATES- 25^th 26^th and 27^th August 2010.

THE ACCOMODATION-

Participants will stay in Shared accommodation at Swapnagandha Resort Chorla Ghats.

Participants will also visit and work at the Mhadei Research Center.

Food will include Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian options.

ESSENTIALS-

1. Fast drying earth colored field clothes.

2. Gumboots or good walking shoes fit for rainy weather.

3. Powerful Torch or Headlight- with extra batteries.

4. Rainwear (Raincoats or Ponchos).

5. Field Note Pad and Pen/pencil.

6. Personal medical kit if any.

7. Back pack for field.

8. Water bottle or container for Field.

9. Sleeping bag or blanket and sheet.

10. Camera.

11. Personal toiletries.

CAMP FEES- RS. 7000/- (Seven Thousand only) including Pick up and drop from Panjim, all meals, course fee and stay at shared accommodation at Swapnagandha Resort.

AGE GROUP- 18 YEARS TO 50 YEARS

NUMBER OF SEATS- 8 (EIGHT SEATS ONLY)

NOTE-

1. THIS IS NOT A PICNIC SO PLEASE BE SURE TO KNOW THAT PARTICIPANTS WILL HAVE TO MAINTAIN DISCIPLINE AND FOLLOW RULES AS LAID BY SURVEY LEADERS.

2. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WILL NOT BE ALLOWED DURING THE ENTIRE PERIOD OF THE SURVEY.

FOR DETAILS CONTACT- OPHIDIAN_NIRMAL@YAHOO.CO.IN

OR CALL ON 09326107079 (Nirmal) OR 09822586918 (Glenda).

2010-07-12T03:54:00.000-07:00

Click a Croak Photography contest.

2010-06-23T05:08:00.001-07:00

Click a Croak Photography Contest.

Earthworm organizes the first ever ‘Click a Croak’ amphibian photography competition for anybody who has a camera or who can get their hands on one.

This contest is truly open to all….to zoom into frogs, their egg spawn and tadpoles, in their natural habitats, be it in forests, rice fields, village ponds, puddles, your backyard or even your bathroom ( if that is what it has chosen for its habitat!).

So please go ahead and click and encourage your kids, your aunt, your neighbor to click click away..the purpose of this contest is to get people to get a closer look at frogs…it doesn’t matter if you don’t know what its called.

There are prizes for the oldest entrant, and the youngest one. Besides three best images will of course receive prizes.

The few rules are:

Only images from the state of Goa and taken in natural environs will be eligible.

Every entrant can submit two 8x10 matt images along with a duly filled form to Earthworm eco-store or to any of the collection centers.

All images must be in color and photographers must hold full copyrights of the images.

A duly filled form that will provide details of the image and the photographer must accompany all images.

Identification of species photographed is not compulsory whilst submitting the entry.

Entry fee for the competition will be Rs 100 per participant for 2 images.

All entries received will be the property of Earthworm eco-store and an exhibition of the images will be held to create awareness amongst the people of Goa.

All copyrights of the images will rest with the respective photographers and they will be duly acknowledged.

Entries will be judged on the basis of subject matter, aesthetics and technical quality.

A panel of independent professional wildlife photographers and amphibian experts will judge the competition and the decision of the judges will be final.

The last date for submission of entries is 8^th of August 2010 at 5.00 pm.

All entries to be submitted to Earthworm Eco store 264/79 (2) 1^st Floor Green Valley Alto Porvorim Bardez Goa- 403521

Entry forms for the competition will be available at Earthworm Eco-store Alto Porvorim and at the following centers in Goa.

Regal Electronics St Inez Panjim.

Earthworm Eco store Alto Porvorim

Green Goa Works Mapusa.

For details contact- earthwormgoa@gmail.com or call on 08322410871.

Green Vine snake-

2010-06-14T23:43:00.000-07:00

2010-06-05T19:34:00.000-07:00

Conserve the Indian Bull Frog.

2010-05-27T04:27:00.000-07:00

Another week and our state will receive the South West monsoons in their glory, bringing joy and abundance to both plant as well as animal life. And while, birds will don their monsoon plumage and butterflies will exhibit like never before, the early showers will also see activity amongst frogs, who will rise from their dormancy and frog catchers, who pull on their gumboots and torches for yet another systematic illegal massacre of Indian Bull frogs, across the state, now an almost annual event for past decade or so.

Indian Bull frogs, more commonly known by us Goans, as Jumping Chicken are on the verge of local extinction, and joint efforts by the Goa Forest Department and the Wild Goa run Save the Frogs campaign needs support for creating awareness as well as providing protection for these species.

Considered as a flagship species of all Indian amphibians, and an important link in any pond, river, and field or grassland ecosystem, the Indian Bull frog is a charismatic species for many Herpetofauna lovers.

Being the largest of its family, this species is distinguished by its large size and tiger like striped pattern on the body and limbs. During mating periods, the males turn bright yellow and the characteristic blue vocal sacs are a sight to see when they advertise their presence.

Once abundant in a variety of habitats that ranged from open grasslands and agriculture fields to ponds, lakes and streams, the Indian Bull frog is now declining in almost all its earlier locales due to the large scale indiscriminate slaughter of this species in the state. Change in land use patterns, indiscriminate usage of pesticides and of course loss of habitat due to development activity has taken its toll is a fact too and worth noting here.

The survival of the Indian Bull frog is essential for the survival of our neighborhood ecology and this needs to be understood by one and all. I fail to understand whether this fact is being deliberately ignored by those who do not have a control over their taste buds and continue to patronize the illegal trade of frog hunting and its meat, Jumping Chicken being served in Goan restaurants, despite an official Ban on the same. But this is a fact. The Indian Bull frog and its tadpole stage plays the role of a bio pest and insect controller due to it feeding habits and was once largely responsible for curbing the populations of mosquitoes and their larvae. Alas, not any more, as the systematic slaughter for the table and alteration of habitats due to rapid unplanned urbanization has taken its toll on this species and the results are for us to see now…epidemics like malaria and other water borne diseases are on the rise rapidly in many parts of the state as soon as the rains set in.

This monsoons, is perhaps a last chance, to reverse the process and begin afresh- by firstly identifying hotspots and then protecting the Indian Bull frogs and their habitats in all parts of the state. This requires every individual nature lover and sensible Goan amongst us to be vigilant and report instances of Frog poaching to the nearest Forest office or Police station for action. Write to the media whose vigilante role has now been established as far as environment protection goes in the state. Speak up to your elected representatives and convince those at the Panchayat and Ward level to create awareness about this issue.

The need for an integrated approach by our Government is crucial now, as its Departments of Environment, Education, Health, Forest and Police need to work together to bring about awareness and enforcement on this vital issue, which is threatening the local extinction of an important amphibian species from the state. I hope our Government takes note of this matter in a more effective manner and helps protect this important species in the state.

And for those who wish to join the larger movement, join Save Goa, a network of nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts whose sustained efforts for the last 5 years have showed results in some areas. Remember, every voice matters and would go a long way in conserving this important urban wildlife species.

Talk held on Odonata at Earthworm ecostoreies

2010-05-25T03:08:00.000-07:00

A talk on Odonata (damselflies and dragonflies) was taken by Parag Rangnekar. Parag is the State co-oridnator for Goa Bird Conservation network and also the author of the book 'Butterflies of Goa'

His recent additions to the Odonata of Goa as a research paper are being widely acknowledged as a stepping step to conservation in this regard.

Lesser known Winged wonders- Dragonflies and Damselflies

2010-05-18T05:33:00.001-07:00

Lesser known Winged wonders- Dragonflies and Damselflies

The Southwest monsoons will soon sweep across our parched landscapes draping the lands with carpets of greens and browns. An explosion of life forms will thus erupt bringing to life a myriad of lesser-known creatures including frogs, beetles, moths and their kind and will be a part of our urban lives as long as the Rain God blesses us with his showers.

We at Earthworm wish to welcome the Monsoons with Worm trails and talks on urban wildlife and eco campaigns through the rains and begin with Dragonflies and Damselflies- fabled creatures of the Insect world.

Dragonflies and Damselflies, the much-ignored ‘cousins’ of butterflies are as important as any other insects in our immediate surroundings and are indicators of a healthy environment. Their role as pest controllers in keeping in check flies, mosquitoes and smaller moths is vital in the ecological chain.

Brightly colored and intrinsically different they are a treat to watch and photograph but are seldom admired like butterflies. Threatened due to insecticides and loss of breeding water bodies many species that were once common in our neighborhoods have been lost locally and are now found in small patches. At Earthworm, we aim to create awareness and appreciation for these winged wonders amongst nature lovers as well as laypersons.

We begin with a talk and presentation on ‘Damselflies and Dragonflies’ by Mr. Parag Rangnekar, author of the widely popular field guide of Butterflies of Goa. Besides being an established birder (he is the state co-coordinator of the Goa bird Conservation network), Parag Rangnekar has recently catalogued the Damselflies and Dragonflies of Goa and has been working on the subject for over 5 years. A committed naturalist and wildlife photographer, Parag has been instrumental in popularizing the hobby of butterfly and Dragonfly watching in the state of Goa.

Date: - 23^rd May Sunday, 2010.

Time: - 5.30 pm to 7.00 pm.

Venue: - Earthworm Eco store, Green valley, Alto Porvorim Goa.

For details contact- earthwormgoa@gmail.com or call 08322410871.

Earth Day-where forests and waters matter

2010-04-21T21:54:00.001-07:00

Earth Day-where forests and waters matter

2010-04-21T21:54:00.000-07:00

Earth Day

2010-04-15T04:59:00.000-07:00

The images of a wild male Gaur bolting across the forest path into the thick undergrowth and the take of a crested serpent eagle from the undergrowth linger in my mind. At 800 msl, near a waterhole, I clock in my observations on a data sheet, and a second glance at the date makes it seemingly obvious that in a few days is is Earth Day- a day celebrated to highlight the various problems that our planet faces today including loss of biodiversity, loss of habitat and of course, climate change or global warming as many know about now.

Climate change has now become a topic of mainstream discussion. All of us know by now that the accumulation of green house gases such as carbon dioxide caused by burning fossil fuels, CFC’s, methane and etc have irreversibly affected our climate and directly led to Global warming.

What we as global citizens do not know however is that one of the most important factor that affects climate change is Deforestation, which results in large scale release of Carbon Dioxide and is ranked 2^nd in the scheme of things that affect our climate change crises, only next to the energy sector.

The much renowned and respected Oxford based Global Canopy Programme, an alliance of the most distinguished of the worlds rainforest scientists have stated time and again that the burning, slashing and rampant hacking of the world’s forests results in over 25 percent of global emissions while transport and industry account for a mere 14 percent each. This is startling I know, but is the stark truth.

The system is simple. Photosynthesis and respiration are vital mechanisms by which forests store and release carbon. The forests that we often take for granted store carbon by absorbing carbon dioxide and, through the process of photosynthesis, use solar energy to store carbon in their network of roots, stems and branches. While some carbon, as we all know is released back into the atmosphere as Carbon doxide, a living tree will always store more carbon than it releases and continues to do so until it reaches maturity. When a tree is thus burnt or felled the stored carbon escapes into the air causing grave unseen damage to our living environment. This is a reality.

While afforestation and restoration are seen as the next best options and tradable carbon credits are beneficial, there is a strong need to understand that fallacy to attempt to restore biodiversity rich forests like the Western Ghats by resorting to monoculture plantations is more suicidal then remedial to put it bluntly. Monoculture plantations as we all know mature at a maximum lifespan of 20-25 years after which they have to be cut down and end up releasing Carbon dioxide gases that cause much more damage than good.

Thus a STEM report on Climate Change states that “it would be substantially cheaper to take action and protect existing forests from deforestation compared to other types of mitigation and this will happen only if the right policies and institutions are in place” It is a know fact amongst the academia as well as the field workers of wildlife that curbing deforestation is a highly cost effective way to reduce green house gas emissions.

But the magnitude of the problem is enormous. World wide about 13 million ha of forests are lost every year. A study in the Western Ghats showed that between 1973 and 1995, there was a 19.5 per cent loss in forest cover. This is alarming and as age old eco systems like the Western Ghats, often termed as ‘Rainmakers” succumb; our problems on issues like Climate change will worsen.

Temperature rises, shift in monsoon patterns, loss of biodiversity and irreversible changes in soil and air conditions are aspects that are now not alien but part of our set of backyard problems that stare at us in the face.

This is not a ‘usual environmental problem’. It is an issue that will decide our food and water security, and to a much larger extent our economic security too. On Earth day, and on every other day we cannot and should not carry on business as usual, and try to be blissfully unaware of the rise in temperatures, of the loss of fisheries and sudden change in water levels…we should know that we are at the threshold of an impending danger that looms large over us.

Thus the need of the hour is to protect vital habitats like the Western Ghats, our riverine ecosystems and our plains, which are being pillaged and destroyed in the name of development by our planners. The need to return to green and clean technologies in whichever way possible is now a necessity. It is but important that at the very least, our citizens know the climatic catastrophe that threatens not only their livelihoods but their lives as well. The need to be aware is of paramount importance now. That in itself would help in addressing this issue of Climate change head on.

A different approach needs to be taken and Earth day would be right occasion to do so. Conserving our forests and biodiversity is an investment with long-term benefits. States like Himachal Pradesh have gone a step ahead and evaluated the real value of their forests and even the Finance Commission has taken cognizance of the need to compensate forest rich states in return of their conservation of natural forests.

We as individuals too need to be aware, of our strain on the natural resources and act as responsible citizens of this planet by practicing the principles of reusing, recycling and reducing resources at all levels. This would be a start…for Earth Day.

10 Ways in which you can help towards conservation of the Mhadei River.

2010-03-31T22:37:00.000-07:00

The Mhadei river and its tributaries are threatened due to the diversion Project of the Karnataka State Government which is playing the ‘Big Brother’ game with Goa due to its strength both in the Political arena and otherwise.
We as a people, in Goa can and must do our bit to help our elected representatives and those fighting the cause of conservation of the Mahdei River in whichever way we can. On the occasion of World Water Day and upcoming Earth Hour I attempt to list some of the means that can make a difference in this fight to protect our Mother River, the Mhadei.
1. Be aware- Be conscious of the issue of the Diversion project envisaged by the Karnataka Government and its impacts on the Goan ecology and economy. Being aware is the key to action and the more we are updated on this issue that threatens the water security of our state, the better it is for the Goan society at large.
2. Help create awareness- arrange talks, slide shows and field visits for schools and other institutions across the state and beyond as people’s support is vital for petitioning both the state and central government on the peoples stand on this issue.
3. Take action- Volunteer time and resources to organizations like the Mhadei Bachao Abhiyan that have been relentlessly pursuing the matter in the Supreme Court as well as creating awareness at the grass roots level in the states of Goa and Karnataka.
4. Write to the Prime Minister of India seeking his personal attention to the delay in action to address the issue be it the Tribunal or the continuation of work at the Dam site despite a stay on the same.
5. Write to the Forest Minister of India and raise your concerns regarding the impacts of the diversion project on the biodiversity of adjoining Mhadei Wildlife sanctuary of Goa and the Bhimgad Wildlife sanctuary of Karnataka. It is a given that areas in the submergence and dam area are forest areas too and these will irreversibly damaged in the process of diversion.
6. Petition the court- petition the Central Empowered Committee on Wildlife and seek attention on the depletion of water sources,
7. Pass a resolution at your Village Gramsabha demanding the immediate intervention and attention of the Hon Supreme Court of India as well as the Central Empowered committee on Wildlife of the Supreme Court for the immediate stoppage of work at the dam site at Kankumbi as it is violating existing orders of Status quo by these law bodies.
8. Conserve forests- Jal, Jamin aur Jungle are connected. The conservation of green areas whether it is wetland or forest ecosystems, mangroves or city forests, requires protection. Habitat alteration is the single largest threat to catchment areas of our water bodies and these can only be protected by your active intervention at the grass roots levels.
9. Conserve Water-whether it is in your home or office environment, the need of the hour is to conserve fresh water and its sources-lakes, rivers wells, springs etc across the state. This must go hand in hand with protection of the Mhadei River and her tributaries.
10. Reach out- it is important to reach out and lobby for the conservation of water as a natural resource in the State. The Mhadei and its tributaries are Goa’s lifelines and it is our individual responsibility to safeguard and actively participate in planning and decision making in any program and project that involves the use or alteration of this resource. Give time and efforts to this issue, as it will decide the future of the state and its people. Keep the faith.

Acri Cucri mountains in Mhadei region.

2010-03-29T23:39:00.000-07:00

2010-03-19T23:30:00.000-07:00

Flowers of Indian Coral tree-the summers are here

2010-03-11T22:07:00.000-08:00

New species get raw deal in Goa.

2010-03-10T21:24:00.000-08:00

Yes it is true. Species that have been described from the state of Goa by scientists and ecologists get a raw deal, and hardly a handful seem to know about these lesser known creatures and the people behind these contributions to the field of international science.
To begin with, the new descriptions of wild creatures from Goa are mostly lesser known fauna- i.e. in simple terms, smaller wildlife that is for many not of any significant economical, cultural and ecological value- and hence do not figure in any way in the scheme of things as far as awareness or appreciation for these living beings of the land.
Take for example the Goan Day Gecko (Nemespis goanensis), one of our early descriptions from the state, perhaps in the 70’s, a small and yet spectacular species of day lizards whose singular image does not even exist today and very little is known of the same as far as its description or even ecology is concerned. Many more have followed since and in the same manner have been lost in time and space, only to be known by a handful for academicians and researchers interested in the subject.
And sadly it is the same fact even with the new species described from the state in recent times. The species of caecilian (legless burrowing amphibians) described from Bondla Wildlife sanctuary i.e. the Nadkarni’s caecilian (Gegeneophis nadkarnii) in 2004 and the one described from Keri, Sattari Goan caecilian (Gegeneophis goaensis) in 2007 by Dr G. K. Bhatt and his team have not only been forgotten but even ignored for their conservation value by the concerned Departments. The same goes with the newly described scorpion species ‘Thaicharmus lowei’ described from the Netravali wildlife sanctuary in 2007 by Frantisek Kovarik and his team, and there is already another new description in acceptance for a spider species Ctenus goanensis (common name yet to be given) by well known Goan entomologist and scientist Dr Manoj Borkar…all from Goa where the exquisite forests remain unexplored for smaller wildlife and thus present a challenging task for conservation as well as research in terms of wildlife documentation and study.
But this study is tedious, meticulous and back breaking, and let me admit, as I know first hand… frustrating at times too as the recognition and encouragement for the work done is minimal, thanks to the low interest for subjects like ecology and wildlife biology amongst the masses as well as the classes.
However, I earnestly feel it is the need of the hour for our Forest Department to realize that these species descriptions from the state of Goa are not only important species as far as the state or country is concerned but have international significance as well and have succeeded in bringing Goa and its unique wilderness areas on the world map of wildlife and science as well. They need to be given their due recognition and the Department needs to take steps to ensure that at least the locals as well as tourists visiting these sites of discovery like Bondla, Mahdei and Netravali sanctuaries be made aware of the existence of these rare creatures.
That none of our Environment textbooks, Biology journals or even reference periodicals, etc have ever featured or included any of these described species from Goa is not only a sad fact but a shameful one at that. Isn’t it of utmost importance that our student community is aware of these unknown wonders, that have now been described and discovered for the first time from a small state like ours- should not they be appreciated and acknowledge just like other events and in field of sports or development are? It is but high time that the Education department and the Science and Technology department takes note of this lacuna and takes steps to ensure that information of these species and many others including flora and fauna (which I too may have missed) be compiled in the form of a booklet for distribution to libraries of educational institutions for creating awareness about these forgotten species whose knowledge the world community acknowledges time and again. As far as the media is concerned, their role is vital as researchers can only do their bit of documenting and bringing to light new aspects related to science and ecology, but it is the media who has to take the initiative for spreading awareness and creating interest amongst the masses so that this awareness leads to conservation and action for the protection of our wild habitats and their known as well as unknown denizens!
That the State Biodiversity Board needs to wake up from its slumber and bring out publications regarding new descriptions from the state, endemic species of plants and animals as well as threatened species, by way of children’s books, posters and other literature, is as of today the need of the hour.
And while ecologists and wildlife scientists continue to work and report new species and range extensions, endemic and rare species of flora and fauna from our exquisite forests, the least we as a people can do is support them in mind and spirit… and appreciate their work in every way possible. Keep the faith.

Top 10 ways to help frogs the cool way.

2010-03-07T21:33:00.000-08:00

Declining numbers in Amphibian species is a cause of concern for all conservationists and wildlife researchers across the globe as well as the country. And while the issues that aggravate this decline are many, we in Goa are faced with some specific problems that need to be addressed firstly at an individual level by each and everyone of us and then as a conscious society. I list below 10 simple ways to conserve frog and other amphibian populations in the state and help conserve this much neglected group of creatures of our environs.
1. Observe, appreciate and educate yourself, your friends and your family about amphibians and their kind. Read about them on the Internet or from a book in your local library. Or better still attend a talk or discussion being organized by wildlife lovers on frogs in the state.
2. Create amphibian safe environs in your backyard and neighborhood by saying no to frog poaching for meat and creating niche habitats like small artificial ponds, cool undergrowth and leaf litter to attract frogs of various species.
3. Do not pollute your immediate surroundings including gardens, farmlands and backyards by disposing non-biodegradable waste recklessly. Refrain from using chemical fertilizers and pesticides as they have severe impacts on local populations of amphibians and irreversibly damage habitats that are then beyond repair.
4. Voice your opinion in the right forums to garner support for amphibians and their kind. Start from your local Panchayat and Gramsabha and seek the attention of your Range Forest officer as well as your neighborhood Police Beat officer too. Collectively, everyone can contribute in their own way to ensure that frogs and toads are protected in their breeding season.
5. Convince and educate those who have relished “ Jumping chicken” in the past that it is illegal to hunt, capture and serve or consume Frog meat now under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Make your local restaurant as well as
6. Conserve all natural resources including water and soil. Rainwater harvesting not only helps the soil and helps maximize the usage of water for the earth, it also ensures that most species of amphibians benefit from such clean collected rainwater. Preventing the run off of soil also helps conserve frog habitats.
7. Be active and participate in drives, talks and workshops that address issues relating to amphibian decline, curbing of poaching of certain species and habitat conservation. Every individual’s support will surely go a long way towards conservation of amphibians in our ecosystems.
8. Reduce the use of fossil fuels and other substances that you know are damaging to the planet and induce Climate change. Remember, one of the single largest reasons for drastic decline in amphibian populations worldwide is Climate change. Buy CFL bulbs and use renewable energy systems like solar panels etc to help slow the rate of climate change.
9. Drive slowly and carefully in the monsoons. Road kills of certain species are on the rise in the state and a cause of concern. You surely have a right on the road as a drive but these creatures to have a right to live and need your respect!
10. Participate in the planning and decision making process of Land use development of your neighborhood. Appropriate care and sustainable planning can go a long way in ensuring that natural habitats are conserved and managed properly for posterity.
And while we as individuals can make a notable difference if any or all of these ways are practiced and accomplished in our everyday lives, it is up to Government agencies too, to pledge their support and provide it as and when required to conserve Amphibian populations in the state for posterity. Keep the faith.

By- Nirmal U Kulkarni
Email-ophidian_nirmal@yahoo.co.in

Talk during the Wormtrail 2-web of life.

2010-02-07T22:47:00.000-08:00

Wormtrail 2 at Earthworm- Web of Life.

2010-02-02T05:54:00.000-08:00

Earthworm held its 2nd Wormtrail- Web of Life with a great response from nature lovers and enthusiasts!!

Chorla Ghats- A Butterfly Hotspot

2010-01-27T03:11:00.000-08:00

Web of Life

2010-01-25T00:54:00.000-08:00

What do you do when you retire from your twenty-odd year comfortable job?, or when your kids grow up and don’t need you anymore?, or when you have but just those few hours in the day when you want to do something different despite your crazy schedule? Or when time and tide are not on your side and most would consider your productive years are over?
……..Well, you put on your walking shoes, buy yourself your first pair of binoculars and a few field guides and make sure you pack a delicious breakfast ( a sure fire way of making eco-buddies) and of course carry along with you oodles of curious enthusiasm …and venture into the wilds!!

That’s what they did ……….
Meet Katie, Sheila , Usha, Shubadha, Hutoxi Sr., Hutoxi Jr., Renee….

Homemakers, Moms, Professionals, Environment Educators and Crusaders.. they have contributed greatly to Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS)’s Conservation Education Centre, Mumbai as Nature Educators and its Volunteer Force. They are also Founder members of the Save Rani Bagh Botanical Garden Action Committee (created to oppose the turning of a Historical Botanical Garden into a concrete amusement park.)

Earthworm is very VERY proud to announce the Second Wormtrails with these young, madly enthusiastic wild hearts!!
Topic?.. does it matter???.......

………… The Web of Life!!!!! They’ll talk about plants, insects, birds, reptiles, etc…their interdependence, food chains, biodiversity…

Date: 31st January, 2010.
Time: 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.
Programme: Nature Trail followed by a powerpoint presentation.
Age group: Adults and Children (8-14 years)
A separate trail will be led for children, parents who wish to enroll their kids can do so and pick them up no later than 12:00 p.m.
Registration Fee: Rs. 100/- with a small inbetween break for breakfast.

Please carry with you your breakfast, a pair of binoculars (if you have), small note book and pen, a cap and a water bottle…. do wear good walking shoes )

The group size (for adults and kids) would be limited so please register early either through email : earthwormgoa@gmail.com or call Nirmal/Roopa on 08322410871.
All cancellations must be informed 5 days prior to the event as we could then accommodate others.

Threat to Herpetofaunal diversity if Mahdei is diverted.

2009-12-31T21:40:00.001-08:00

Herpetologist Nirmal Kulkarni has expressed concern and hopes that the Goa Government will seek for an EIA (environment impact assessment) on the forests of the Mahdei Wildlife sanctuary after its waters are diverted by Karnataka state to the Mahdei Water Tribunal as soon as it is appointed.
The area of the Mahdei Wildlife sanctuary that would be irrevocably affected would include the forests surrounding the village of Surla in Sattari taluka and the border forests of Chorla Ghats. These forests, according to Nirmal Kulkarni, are home to several endangered species of Herpetofauna that are data deficient and threatened due to habitat fragmentation and alteration.
Some of these lesser-known endemic species of snakes documented in the region till date include the Malabar Pit Viper (Trimeresurus malabaricus), Pied Belly Shieldtail snake( Melanophidium punctatum), Olive Forest Snake (Rhabdops olivaceus), Striped Coral Snake (Calliophis melanrus nigrescens) Beddome’s keelback (Amphiesma beddomei) and Montane Trinket snake amongst others.
Amongst lizards, the Draco of Flying Lizard (Draco dussumieri), goan day Gecko (Cnemaspis goaensis), Prashad’s Gecko ( Hemidactylus prashadi) and Banded Ground gecko ( Hemidactylus albofasciatus), all endemic and uncommon species are found in the area.
With regards to amphibians, the Beddome’s Indian frog (Indirana beddomei), Maharashtra Bush frog (Philautus bombayensis), Marbled Ramanella (Ramanella moromorata), Malabar Gliding frog (Rhacophorus malabaricus) are some of the endemic species documented from the area
Some species like the Mahdei caecilian, described from this region are highly endemic and found only in this region till date. It is a species of legless amphibian of which very little is known of and needs special conservation measures. Besides which the Goan caecilian, another rare and recently described species has been reported in the forests that are part of this region.
It is an urgent need to assess the impacts of diversion of water to these forests of the Mahdei Wildlife sanctuary and its surrounding forests as these waters nurture and sustain this region of high endemism and create niche specialized habitats that are essential for the survival of these species of Herpetofauna.
A demand for an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) to study and gauge the impacts on wildlife of the sanctuary should be urgently placed as soon as the Mahdei Tribunal is formally announced with its committee of members.
Any form of alteration to the habitats, including loss of ground water and drying of streams and riverine vegetation due to change in course of water or restricted flow could spell disaster to the biodiversity of this region especially with regards to reptiles and amphibians as their life cycle and breeding biology depends on the rivulets and streams of the Mahdei river.
I appeal to the Goa Government to ensure that the course of the Mhadei rive that supports and sustains the forests of the Mahdei Wildlife sanctuary be protected and not allowed to be diverted under any circumstance as this will cause irreversible long term damage to the delicate ecology of the region.
A strong case to this case has to be made to the Mhadei Tribunal underlining the need for conservation of the Mahdei Wildlife sanctuary and its ensuring its water security as this is also directly related to the water security of the people of Sattari and Bicholim talukas of Goa state besides the forests of the Mahdei Wildlife sanctuary.

ECHO AWARDS PRESENTED TO GOAN NATURALISTS BY MIKE PANDEY

2009-12-30T20:27:00.001-08:00

World-renowned Indian Wildlife Film maker Mr. Mike Pandey at a function in the city presented the 1st Echo Awards 09, instituted by ECHO-Environment Culture and Heritage Organization recently.
The awards have been constituted to boost the morale of Goans silently working in the field of wildlife and nature conservation and to recognize the contribution made by various individuals in this field. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Gurudas Kamat, Convener of ECHO, emphasized the need of field conservation and introduced the awardees as well as the dignitaries present on the occasion including Mr. Mike Pandey and Mr. Rajendra Kerkar.
In his speech, Mr. Mike Pandey highlighted the need for the youth of our country to unite and address conservation related issues that concern us in our daily lives. He pointed out to various facts in nature that are integral to human survival and sustenance and lamented the manner in which we as a race were plundering natural resources without thinking of the future. By giving various examples including human elephant conflicts, climate change and flooding and the extinction of species, Mr. Mike Pandey pointed out the need to conserve our rivers and their ecosystems, particularly in the Western Ghats of India. He categorically pointed out that the rise in sea level would surely affect coastal states like Goa in India in the near future
Mr Rajendra Kerkar in his speech thanked Mr. Mike Pandey for making the time and effort to be present at the function despite a tight schedule and enlightened the gathering about the relationships between ‘Jal, Jungle and Jameen’. He stressed on the need for young Goans across the state to join hands to conserve the Mhadei River and its forests for the future generations of our state.
The awardees included Nirmal Kulkarni for the Best naturalist award for his work in wildlife research and conservation, Parag Rangnekar as Best Green Author for his book on ‘Butterflies of Goa’, Arnold Noronha for Best Upcoming Wildlife Photographer and Sadguru Patil for Best Wildlife reporter.
All awardees as well as those present got an opportunity to interact and converse with Mike Pandey on this occasion and this led to a series of discussion on issues that concern our state and its diversity.
The award ceremony was well attended by nature lovers and conservationists, media persons and members of ECHO Goa.World-renowned Indian Wildlife Film maker Mr. Mike Pandey at a function in the city presented the 1st Echo Awards 09, instituted by ECHO-Environment Culture and Heritage Organization recently.
The awards have been constituted to boost the morale of Goans silently working in the field of wildlife and nature conservation and to recognize the contribution made by various individuals in this field. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Gurudas Kamat, Convener of ECHO, emphasized the need of field conservation and introduced the awardees as well as the dignitaries present on the occasion including Mr. Mike Pandey and Mr. Rajendra Kerkar.
In his speech, Mr. Mike Pandey highlighted the need for the youth of our country to unite and address conservation related issues that concern us in our daily lives. He pointed out to various facts in nature that are integral to human survival and sustenance and lamented the manner in which we as a race were plundering natural resources without thinking of the future. By giving various examples including human elephant conflicts, climate change and flooding and the extinction of species, Mr. Mike Pandey pointed out the need to conserve our rivers and their ecosystems, particularly in the Western Ghats of India. He categorically pointed out that the rise in sea level would surely affect coastal states like Goa in India in the near future
Mr Rajendra Kerkar in his speech thanked Mr. Mike Pandey for making the time and effort to be present at the function despite a tight schedule and enlightened the gathering about the relationships between ‘Jal, Jungle and Jameen’. He stressed on the need for young Goans across the state to join hands to conserve the Mhadei River and its forests for the future generations of our state.
The awardees included Nirmal Kulkarni for the Best naturalist award for his work in wildlife research and conservation, Parag Rangnekar as Best Green Author for his book on ‘Butterflies of Goa’, Arnold Noronha for Best Upcoming Wildlife Photographer and Sadguru Patil for Best Wildlife reporter.
All awardees as well as those present got an opportunity to interact and converse with Mike Pandey on this occasion and this led to a series of discussion on issues that concern our state and its diversity.
The award ceremony was well attended by nature lovers and conservationists, media persons and members of ECHO Goa.